Technological universities, institutes of technology, and polytechnic institutions are higher-education institutions whose missions have historically emphasized engineering, applied science, and technology-oriented professional education. Technical institutes and polytechnic schools emerged in Europe in the late eighteenth century in connection with industrialization and the systematization of technological knowledge; early examples included the École Polytechnique in France, founded in 1794. In the United States, institutions using terms such as "institute of technology", "polytechnic institute", "polytechnic university", "school of mines", or "tech" have developed in several forms, including private research universities, public technological universities, specialized engineering schools, and applied-technology institutions. The expansion of engineering and engineering-technology education accelerated during and after World War II, when technical institutes and engineering-technology programs were promoted as part of a broader need for scientifically trained technical personnel. This list includes United States universities and colleges that are commonly identified with technological, polytechnic, or engineering-focused higher education.
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