science

Integrated Coastal Surveillance System

Integrated Coastal Surveillance System is a science topic covered in the lgStudy science library. This page brings together a partial reference excerpt, illustrations, worked examples, real-world applications and a short study plan, so you can understand Integrated Coastal Surveillance System rather than just read about it. In short: The Integrated Coastal Surveillance System (ICSS) is a coastal surveillance system operated by India with the goal to protect its coastline, ensure regional security, and assist friendly navies by quickly detecting, locating and monitoring maritime activity in the Indian Ocean. The system was developed by the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) and Bharat Electronics, and forms part of the National…

Key takeaways

Integrated Coastal Surveillance System belongs to science; place it in that map before memorising details.
Learn the definition first, then one example that makes the definition concrete.
Connect Integrated Coastal Surveillance System to a quantity you can measure, compute or draw — that is where exam questions come from.
Reproduce the core statement of Integrated Coastal Surveillance System from memory before moving on to harder problems.

Reference excerpt

The Integrated Coastal Surveillance System (ICSS) is a coastal surveillance system operated by India with the goal to protect its coastline, ensure regional security, and assist friendly navies by quickly detecting, locating and monitoring maritime activity in the Indian Ocean. The system was developed by the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) and Bharat Electronics, and forms part of the National Command Control Communication and Intelligence System (NC3I). Although the ICSS was built primarily for coastal and maritime security, the system can also be used for vessel traffic management, harbour surveillance and navigation. The core of the ICSS is a network of remote ground-based radar stations called the Coastal Surveillance Network (CSN). In addition to radars, stations are also fitted with optical sensors, electro-optical sensors, thermal imagers, cameras, meteorological systems, an Automatic Identification System (AIS), a distress alert transmission system (DATS), electronic warfare support measures, and very high frequency (VHF) radio communication systems. The Coastal Surveillance Radar is the primary sensor of the Integrated Coastal Surveillance System, due to which the ICSS itself is sometimes referred to as the Coastal Surveillance Radar System. Coastal Surveillance Radars operate round the clock in all weather conditions and are capable of detecting small vessels such as trawlers, dinghies, fishing vessels, and buoys at sea. Data from the Coastal Surveillance Network is further supplemented by additional inputs from other sources such as the Vessel Traffic Management Systems (VTMS) located at major ports, Long Range Identification and Tracking (LRIT), the Fishing Vessel Monitoring System, and satellite imagery. Data from coastal surveillance radar stations is transmitted in real-time to the nearest Remote Operating Station, which sends the information to one of the four Joint Operations Centres (JOC) at Mumbai, Kochi, Visakhapatnam and Port Blair. The JOCs in turn feed data to the National Command Control Communication and Intelligence System (NC3I) operated by Gurugram-based Information Management and Analysis Centre (IMAC), which is the nodal agency for maritime data fusion. The ICSS project originated from a proposal by the Group of Ministers set up to consider the recommendations of the Kargil Review Committee in 2000. The project was revived in the aftermath of the 2008 Mumbai attacks. The Government of India approved the construction of 46 coastal radar stations and 16 command and control centers in February 2009, which was completed in December 2016. An additional 38 coastal radar stations, 4 mobile surveillance stations, and 5 new command and control centres were approved in July 2018, and is expected to complete by the end of 2023. India has also proposed building coastal surveillance radars in friendly Indian Ocean states. The first overseas coastal surveillance radars were established in Mauritius and Sri Lanka. The coastal surveillance system is currently operational in India, Maldives, Mauritius, Seychelles and Sri Lanka.

History The Cabinet Committee on Security (CCS) set up a Group of Ministers (GoM) on 17 April 2000 to consider the recommendations of the Kargil Review Committee. The GoM consisted of Home Minister L. K. Advani, Defence Minister George Fernandes, Foreign Minister Jaswant Singh, and Finance Minister Yashwant Sinha. National Security Advisor Brajesh Mishra was also assigned as a special guest to the meetings of the GoM and the Cabinet Secretariat also supported the group. Among other recommendations, the GoM proposed setting up a network of surveillance radars along India's coastline to improve coastal and maritime security. The project was deliberated several times but little progress was made on the proposal. It was revived in the aftermath of the 2008 Mumbai attacks, during which the 10 terrorists had reached Colaba, South Mumbai on board inflatable speedboats. The CCS approved a proposal to build static radars along India's coastline on 28 February 2009.

… excerpt ends here. Continue reading the full article.

Illustrations

Integrated Coastal Surveillance System: A coastal surveillance radar station in Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh; November 2012. — A coastal surveillance radar station in Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh; November 2012.

Worked examples

Example 1 — a first encounter with Integrated Coastal Surveillance System

Start with the simplest possible case. Write down what Integrated Coastal Surveillance System claims or describes in one sentence, then invent the smallest concrete situation in which that sentence is true. In science, the smallest case is usually a single object, a single equation or a single measurement. Check that every symbol or term in your sentence has a meaning in that case.

Example 2 — changing one variable

Take the situation from Example 1 and change exactly one quantity: double it, halve it, or set it to zero. Predict what should happen to Integrated Coastal Surveillance System before you calculate. Comparing your prediction with the result is the fastest way to find out whether you understand the idea or only the words.

Example 3 — an exam-style question

Typical questions about Integrated Coastal Surveillance System ask you to (a) state it precisely, (b) apply it to given data, and (c) explain a limitation. Practise writing all three answers in under five minutes; the third part is what separates a full-mark answer from an average one.

Applications of Integrated Coastal Surveillance System

In research: Integrated Coastal Surveillance System appears in science research whenever the underlying quantities have to be modelled precisely. Papers usually cite it as a starting assumption and then explore where it breaks down.
In technology and industry: Engineering practice reuses Integrated Coastal Surveillance System in design rules, simulations and safety margins. Knowing the idea lets you read a specification sheet and understand why the numbers look the way they do.
In the classroom: Integrated Coastal Surveillance System is common in secondary-school and first-year university syllabi. It links to neighbouring topics Anti-piracy, Counterterrorism in India, Mass intelligence-gathering systems, so understanding it makes those chapters shorter.
In everyday life: Look for Integrated Coastal Surveillance System outside the textbook — in sport, cooking, traffic, electronics or the sky above you. An example you found yourself is remembered far longer than one you were given.

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How to study Integrated Coastal Surveillance System in 20 minutes

Read the reference excerpt below once, without taking notes.
Close the page and write down what Integrated Coastal Surveillance System means in your own words.
Compare your version with the excerpt and mark what you missed.
Work through the three examples above with pen and paper.
Explain Integrated Coastal Surveillance System out loud to somebody else — or to Teacher Smith in the lgStudy chat.

Frequently asked questions

What is Integrated Coastal Surveillance System in simple terms?

Why does Integrated Coastal Surveillance System matter?

Because it connects several science ideas at once: it gives you a definition you can apply, a quantity you can calculate, and a way to check whether a result is plausible.

How should I study Integrated Coastal Surveillance System?

Read the excerpt, restate it from memory, then work through the examples and applications listed on this page. The five-step study plan above takes about twenty minutes.

What does this page cover?

It gives you a compact reference excerpt plus original lgStudy explanations, examples, applications and study material on Integrated Coastal Surveillance System.