science

Telecommunications in Hungary

Telecommunications in Hungary is a science topic covered in the lgStudy science library. This page brings together a partial reference excerpt, illustrations, worked examples, real-world applications and a short study plan, so you can understand Telecommunications in Hungary rather than just read about it. In short: Telecommunications in Hungary include radio, television, fixed and mobile telephones, and the Internet. Early history The first telegraph station on Hungarian territory was opened in December 1847 in Pressburg/ Pozsony /Bratislava/.

Key takeaways

Telecommunications in Hungary belongs to science; place it in that map before memorising details.
Learn the definition first, then one example that makes the definition concrete.
Connect Telecommunications in Hungary to a quantity you can measure, compute or draw — that is where exam questions come from.
Reproduce the core statement of Telecommunications in Hungary from memory before moving on to harder problems.

Reference excerpt

Telecommunications in Hungary include radio, television, fixed and mobile telephones, and the Internet.

Early history

The first telegraph station on Hungarian territory was opened in December 1847 in Pressburg/ Pozsony /Bratislava/. In 1848, during the Hungarian Revolution, another telegraph centre was built in Buda to connect the most important governmental centres. The first telegraph connection between Vienna and Pest – Buda (later Budapest) was constructed in 1850. In 1884, 2,406 telegraph post offices operated in the Kingdom of Hungary. By 1914 the number of telegraph offices reached 3,000 in post offices, and a further 2,400 were installed in the railway stations of the Kingdom of Hungary. The first Hungarian telephone exchange was opened in Budapest (May 1, 1881). All telephone exchanges of the cities and towns in the Kingdom of Hungary were linked in 1893. By 1914, more than 2,000 settlements had telephone exchange in the Kingdom of Hungary. The Telefon Hírmondó (Telephone Herald) service was established in 1893. Two decades before the introduction of radio broadcasting, residents of Budapest could listen to news, cabaret, music and opera at home and in public spaces daily. It operated over a special type of telephone exchange system and its own separate network. The technology was later licensed in Italy and the United States. (see: telephone newspaper). The first Hungarian telephone factory (Factory for Telephone Apparatuses) was founded by János Neuhold in Budapest in 1879, which produced telephones microphones, telegraphs, and telephone exchanges. In 1884, the Tungsram company also started to produce microphones, telephone apparatuses, telephone switchboards and cables. The Ericsson company also established a factory for telephones and switchboards in Budapest in 1911.

Radio and television

Hungary has a mix of state-supported public and private broadcasters. Hungary's digital transition has been postponed to the end of 2014. Radio stations:

Three state-supported public-service radio networks and numerous local radio stations including commercial, public service, nonprofit, and community stations 17 AM, 57 FM, and 3 shortwave stations (1998). Television stations:

the three publicly owned and two privately owned TV stations are the major national broadcasters; many special interest channels; about two-thirds of viewers utilize satellite and cable TV services (2007); 35 plus 161 low-power repeaters (1995).

Telephone

Calling code: 36 International call prefix: 00 Main lines: 3.0 million lines in use, 51st in the world (2012). Mobile network: 11.6 million lines, 72nd in the world, 117 lines per 100 persons (2012). Telephone system: modernized and capable of satisfying all requests for telecommunication service; digitized and highly automated system; trunk services are carried by fiber-optic cable and digital microwave radio relay; a program for fiber-optic subscriber connections was initiated in 1996; competition among mobile-network service providers has led to a sharp increase in the use of mobile phones since 2000 and a decrease in the number of fixed-line connections; fiber-optic cable connections with all neighboring countries; the international switch is in Budapest (2011). * Satellite earth stations: 2 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean and Indian Ocean regions), 1 Inmarsat, 1 Very Small Aperture Terminal (VSAT) (2011).

Internet Top-level domain: .hu Internet users:

7.2 million users, 47th in the world; 72% of the population, 45th in the world (2012); 6.2 million users, 41st in the world (2009). Internet hosts: 3.1 million hosts, 33rd in the world (2012). IPv4: 5.5 million addresses allocated, 0.1% of the world total, 550.9 addresses per 1000 people (2012).

Fixed broadband Fixed broadband: 2.3 million subscriptions, 36th in the world; 22.9% of the population, 41st in the world (2012). ADSL appeared in Hungary in 2001 and ADSL2+ in late 2005. The main broadband Internet providers are: Magyar Telekom (formerly T-Com/T-Online/Matáv), One Hungary (formerly Vodafone Hungary), Invitel, Externet, Emitel, Monortel, Pantel, TVnet, TvNetWork, VIVAnet, and Digi. Smaller providers, such as TigerNet or HDSnet, are mainly available in the city of Budapest.

Mobile broadband Wireless broadband: 2.3 million subscriptions, 61st in the world; 23.1% of the population, 64th in the world (2012). The mobile broadband providers include: Yettel:

Services: LTE/HSDPA/3G/EDGE/GPRS/GSM solutions to use your mobile phone to connect to the Internet. Technologies: WCDMA (Wideband Code Division Multiple Access or "UMTS"), CDMA 2000, CDMA TDD. Availability: LTE/3G available in most parts of the country. (LTE800, LTE1800) Magyar Telekom:

Services: LTE/GSM/EDGE/3G/HSDPA Availability: LTE/3G service available in most parts of the country. (LTE800, LTE1800) One Hungary:

Services: LTE/3G/GPRS solutions to use your mobile phone to connect to the Internet. Availability: 3G service available in many towns. LTE service available in major cities. DIGI Mobile Hungary:

Services: LTE solutions to use your mobile phone to connect to the Internet. Availability: 2G service available in many towns. LTE service available in major cities.

… excerpt ends here. Continue reading the full article.

Worked examples

Example 1 — a first encounter with Telecommunications in Hungary

Start with the simplest possible case. Write down what Telecommunications in Hungary claims or describes in one sentence, then invent the smallest concrete situation in which that sentence is true. In science, the smallest case is usually a single object, a single equation or a single measurement. Check that every symbol or term in your sentence has a meaning in that case.

Example 2 — changing one variable

Take the situation from Example 1 and change exactly one quantity: double it, halve it, or set it to zero. Predict what should happen to Telecommunications in Hungary before you calculate. Comparing your prediction with the result is the fastest way to find out whether you understand the idea or only the words.

Example 3 — an exam-style question

Typical questions about Telecommunications in Hungary ask you to (a) state it precisely, (b) apply it to given data, and (c) explain a limitation. Practise writing all three answers in under five minutes; the third part is what separates a full-mark answer from an average one.

Applications of Telecommunications in Hungary

In research: Telecommunications in Hungary appears in science research whenever the underlying quantities have to be modelled precisely. Papers usually cite it as a starting assumption and then explore where it breaks down.
In technology and industry: Engineering practice reuses Telecommunications in Hungary in design rules, simulations and safety margins. Knowing the idea lets you read a specification sheet and understand why the numbers look the way they do.
In the classroom: Telecommunications in Hungary is common in secondary-school and first-year university syllabi. It links to neighbouring topics Telecommunications in Hungary, so understanding it makes those chapters shorter.
In everyday life: Look for Telecommunications in Hungary outside the textbook — in sport, cooking, traffic, electronics or the sky above you. An example you found yourself is remembered far longer than one you were given.

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How to study Telecommunications in Hungary in 20 minutes

Read the reference excerpt below once, without taking notes.
Close the page and write down what Telecommunications in Hungary means in your own words.
Compare your version with the excerpt and mark what you missed.
Work through the three examples above with pen and paper.
Explain Telecommunications in Hungary out loud to somebody else — or to Teacher Smith in the lgStudy chat.

Frequently asked questions

What is Telecommunications in Hungary in simple terms?

Telecommunications in Hungary include radio, television, fixed and mobile telephones, and the Internet. Early history The first telegraph station on Hungarian territory was opened in December 1847 in Pressburg/ Pozsony /Bratislava/.

Why does Telecommunications in Hungary matter?

Because it connects several science ideas at once: it gives you a definition you can apply, a quantity you can calculate, and a way to check whether a result is plausible.

How should I study Telecommunications in Hungary?

Read the excerpt, restate it from memory, then work through the examples and applications listed on this page. The five-step study plan above takes about twenty minutes.

What does this page cover?

It gives you a compact reference excerpt plus original lgStudy explanations, examples, applications and study material on Telecommunications in Hungary.