biology

Intussusceptive angiogenesis

Intussusceptive angiogenesis is a biology topic covered in the lgStudy science library. This page brings together a partial reference excerpt, illustrations, worked examples, real-world applications and a short study plan, so you can understand Intussusceptive angiogenesis rather than just read about it. In short: Intussusceptive angiogenesis also known as splitting angiogenesis, is a type of angiogenesis, the process whereby a new blood vessel is created. By intussusception a new blood vessel is created by splitting of an existing blood vessel in two.

Key takeaways

Intussusceptive angiogenesis belongs to biology; place it in that map before memorising details.
Learn the definition first, then one example that makes the definition concrete.
Connect Intussusceptive angiogenesis to a quantity you can measure, compute or draw — that is where exam questions come from.
Reproduce the core statement of Intussusceptive angiogenesis from memory before moving on to harder problems.

Reference excerpt

Intussusceptive angiogenesis also known as splitting angiogenesis, is a type of angiogenesis, the process whereby a new blood vessel is created. By intussusception a new blood vessel is created by splitting of an existing blood vessel in two. Intussusception occurs in normal development as well as in pathologic conditions involving wound healing, tissue regeneration, inflammation as colitis or myocarditis, lung fibrosis, and tumors amongst others. Intussusception was first observed in neonatal rats. In this type of vessel formation, the capillary wall extends into the lumen to split a single vessel in two. There are four phases of intussusceptive angiogenesis. First, the two opposing capillary walls establish a zone of contact. Second, the endothelial cell junctions are reorganized and the vessel bilayer is perforated to allow growth factors and cells to penetrate into the lumen. Third, a core is formed between the two new vessels at the zone of contact that is filled with pericytes and myofibroblasts. These cells begin laying collagen fibers into the core to provide an extracellular matrix for growth of the vessel lumen. Finally, the core is fleshed out with no alterations to the basic structure. Intussusception is important because it is a reorganization of existing cells. It allows a vast increase in the number of capillaries without a corresponding increase in the number of endothelial cells. This is especially important in embryonic development as there are not enough resources to create a rich microvasculature with new cells every time a new vessel develops. A process called coalescent angiogenesis is considered the opposite of intussusceptive angiogenesis. During coalescent angiogenesis capillaries fuse and form larger vessels to increase blood flow and circulation. Several other modes of angiogenesis have been described, such as sprouting angiogenesis, vessel co-option and vessel elongation.

Research In a small study comparing the lungs of patients who had died from COVID-19 to those that had died from influenza A pneumonia (H1N1) to uninfected controls during autopsy; there was a significantly greater density of intussusceptive angiogenic features in the lungs of patients who had died from Covid-19 as compared to influenza A and the control group. The degree of intussusceptive angiogenic features in the lungs from the Covid-19 patients were also found to be greater as the length of hospitalization increased (which was not seen in the influenza or control groups). This suggests that increased or enhanced intussusceptive angiogenesis is seen in Covid-19 and may play a role in pathogenesis.

References

Mentzer SJ, Konerding MA. Intussusceptive angiogenesis: Expansion and remodeling of microvascular networks. Angiogenesis 2014;17:499-509. Vascular remodeling by intussusceptive angiogenesis, Djonov V, Baum O, Burri PH., Cell and Tissue Research, 2003 Oct;314(1):107-17 Ackermann, Maximilian; Verleden, Stijn E.; Kuehnel, Mark; Haverich, Axel; Welte, Tobias; Laenger, Florian; Vanstapel, Arno; Werlein, Christopher; Stark, Helge; Tzankov, Alexandar; Li, William W.; Li, Vincent W.; Mentzer, Steven J.; Jonigk, Danny (2020-07-09). "Pulmonary Vascular Endothelialitis, Thrombosis, and Angiogenesis in Covid-19". New England Journal of Medicine. 383 (2): 120–128. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa2015432. ISSN 0028-4793. PMC 7412750. PMID 32437596. Das HIMALAYA- Projekt

Worked examples

Example 1 — a first encounter with Intussusceptive angiogenesis

Start with the simplest possible case. Write down what Intussusceptive angiogenesis claims or describes in one sentence, then invent the smallest concrete situation in which that sentence is true. In biology, the smallest case is usually a single object, a single equation or a single measurement. Check that every symbol or term in your sentence has a meaning in that case.

Example 2 — changing one variable

Take the situation from Example 1 and change exactly one quantity: double it, halve it, or set it to zero. Predict what should happen to Intussusceptive angiogenesis before you calculate. Comparing your prediction with the result is the fastest way to find out whether you understand the idea or only the words.

Example 3 — an exam-style question

Typical questions about Intussusceptive angiogenesis ask you to (a) state it precisely, (b) apply it to given data, and (c) explain a limitation. Practise writing all three answers in under five minutes; the third part is what separates a full-mark answer from an average one.

Applications of Intussusceptive angiogenesis

In research: Intussusceptive angiogenesis appears in biology research whenever the underlying quantities have to be modelled precisely. Papers usually cite it as a starting assumption and then explore where it breaks down.
In technology and industry: Engineering practice reuses Intussusceptive angiogenesis in design rules, simulations and safety margins. Knowing the idea lets you read a specification sheet and understand why the numbers look the way they do.
In the classroom: Intussusceptive angiogenesis is common in secondary-school and first-year university syllabi. It links to neighbouring topics Angiogenesis, Cardiovascular system stubs, so understanding it makes those chapters shorter.
In everyday life: Look for Intussusceptive angiogenesis outside the textbook — in sport, cooking, traffic, electronics or the sky above you. An example you found yourself is remembered far longer than one you were given.

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How to study Intussusceptive angiogenesis in 20 minutes

Read the reference excerpt below once, without taking notes.
Close the page and write down what Intussusceptive angiogenesis means in your own words.
Compare your version with the excerpt and mark what you missed.
Work through the three examples above with pen and paper.
Explain Intussusceptive angiogenesis out loud to somebody else — or to Teacher Smith in the lgStudy chat.

Frequently asked questions

What is Intussusceptive angiogenesis in simple terms?

Why does Intussusceptive angiogenesis matter?

Because it connects several biology ideas at once: it gives you a definition you can apply, a quantity you can calculate, and a way to check whether a result is plausible.

How should I study Intussusceptive angiogenesis?

Read the excerpt, restate it from memory, then work through the examples and applications listed on this page. The five-step study plan above takes about twenty minutes.

What does this page cover?

It gives you a compact reference excerpt plus original lgStudy explanations, examples, applications and study material on Intussusceptive angiogenesis.