engineering

Ironworkers Memorial Second Narrows Crossing

Ironworkers Memorial Second Narrows Crossing is a engineering topic covered in the lgStudy science library. This page brings together a partial reference excerpt, illustrations, worked examples, real-world applications and a short study plan, so you can understand Ironworkers Memorial Second Narrows Crossing rather than just read about it. In short: The Ironworkers Memorial Second Narrows Crossing, also called the Ironworkers Memorial Bridge and Second Narrows Bridge, is the second bridge constructed at the Second (east) Narrows of Burrard Inlet in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. Originally named the Second Narrows Bridge, it connects Vancouver to the North Shore of Burrard Inlet, which includes the District of North Vancouver, the City of North Vancouver…

Key takeaways

Ironworkers Memorial Second Narrows Crossing belongs to engineering; place it in that map before memorising details.
Learn the definition first, then one example that makes the definition concrete.
Connect Ironworkers Memorial Second Narrows Crossing to a quantity you can measure, compute or draw — that is where exam questions come from.
Reproduce the core statement of Ironworkers Memorial Second Narrows Crossing from memory before moving on to harder problems.

Reference excerpt

The Ironworkers Memorial Second Narrows Crossing, also called the Ironworkers Memorial Bridge and Second Narrows Bridge, is the second bridge constructed at the Second (east) Narrows of Burrard Inlet in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. Originally named the Second Narrows Bridge, it connects Vancouver to the North Shore of Burrard Inlet, which includes the District of North Vancouver, the City of North Vancouver, and West Vancouver. It was constructed adjacent to the older Second Narrows Bridge, which is now exclusively a rail bridge. Its construction, from 1956 to 1960, was marred by a multi-death collapse on June 17, 1958. The First Narrows Bridge, better known as Lions Gate Bridge, crosses Burrard Inlet about 8 kilometres (5.0 mi) west of the Second Narrows. The bridge is a steel truss cantilever bridge, designed by Swan Wooster Engineering Co. Ltd. Construction began in November 1957, and the bridge was officially opened on August 25, 1960. It cost approximately $23 million to build. Tolls were charged until April 1, 1963. The bridge is 1,292 metres (4,239 ft) long with a centre span of 335 metres (1,099 ft). It is part of the Trans-Canada Highway (Highway 1).

Collapse

On June 17, 1958, as a crane stretched from the north side of the new bridge to join the two chords of the unfinished arch, several spans collapsed. Seventy-nine workers plunged 30 metres (98 ft) into the water. Eighteen were killed either instantly or shortly thereafter, possibly drowned by their heavy tool belts. A diver searching for bodies drowned later, bringing the total fatalities for the collapse to nineteen. In a subsequent Royal Commission inquiry, the bridge collapse was attributed to miscalculation by bridge engineers. A temporary steel box support at the base of the falsework, holding the newly built fifth anchor span, was deemed insufficient to bear the weight. The falsework plans were drawn by a junior engineer and the error not noticed by the supervising engineer. Earlier, in 1957, a steelworker had fallen to his death at the bridge. But in December 1957, a safety inspector from the BC Workmen's Compensation Board reported that the installation of a safety net under the work platforms was "impracticable".

Renaming The bridge was renamed the "Ironworkers Memorial Second Narrows Crossing" on June 17, 1994, to honour the eighteen workers who died in the collapse, along with one rescue diver and four other workers who also died during the construction process.

In popular culture Bill Schermbrucker. 2009. Crossing Second Narrows. Winnipeg, MB: iUniverse.

See also List of bridges in Canada List of bridge disasters

References

Bibliography Jamieson, Eric, Tragedy at Second Narrows: The Story of the Ironworkers Memorial Bridge, Harbour Publishing, 2008. Rasky, Frank, Great Canadian Disasters, Longman, 1961. (chapter 10)

External links

History of Metropolitan Vancouver Archived October 29, 2005, at the Wayback Machine Satellite image of the Ironworkers Memorial Bridge and Second Narrows Bridge Vancouver, BC Bridge Under Construction Collapses, June 1958 Archived January 26, 2022, at the Wayback Machine at GenDisasters.com [1] "Collapse of the Second Narrows Bridge during Construction" - Journal article in American Society of Civil Engineers 2017 The Bridge – Archived original film of the Second Narrows Bridge before and after the collapse, including origins of the structural failure

Illustrations

Worked examples

Example 1 — a first encounter with Ironworkers Memorial Second Narrows Crossing

Start with the simplest possible case. Write down what Ironworkers Memorial Second Narrows Crossing claims or describes in one sentence, then invent the smallest concrete situation in which that sentence is true. In engineering, the smallest case is usually a single object, a single equation or a single measurement. Check that every symbol or term in your sentence has a meaning in that case.

Example 2 — changing one variable

Take the situation from Example 1 and change exactly one quantity: double it, halve it, or set it to zero. Predict what should happen to Ironworkers Memorial Second Narrows Crossing before you calculate. Comparing your prediction with the result is the fastest way to find out whether you understand the idea or only the words.

Example 3 — an exam-style question

Typical questions about Ironworkers Memorial Second Narrows Crossing ask you to (a) state it precisely, (b) apply it to given data, and (c) explain a limitation. Practise writing all three answers in under five minutes; the third part is what separates a full-mark answer from an average one.

Applications of Ironworkers Memorial Second Narrows Crossing

In research: Ironworkers Memorial Second Narrows Crossing appears in engineering research whenever the underlying quantities have to be modelled precisely. Papers usually cite it as a starting assumption and then explore where it breaks down.
In technology and industry: Engineering practice reuses Ironworkers Memorial Second Narrows Crossing in design rules, simulations and safety margins. Knowing the idea lets you read a specification sheet and understand why the numbers look the way they do.
In the classroom: Ironworkers Memorial Second Narrows Crossing is common in secondary-school and first-year university syllabi. It links to neighbouring topics 1950s in Vancouver, 1958 disasters in Canada, Bridge disasters caused by engineering error, so understanding it makes those chapters shorter.
In everyday life: Look for Ironworkers Memorial Second Narrows Crossing outside the textbook — in sport, cooking, traffic, electronics or the sky above you. An example you found yourself is remembered far longer than one you were given.

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How to study Ironworkers Memorial Second Narrows Crossing in 20 minutes

Read the reference excerpt below once, without taking notes.
Close the page and write down what Ironworkers Memorial Second Narrows Crossing means in your own words.
Compare your version with the excerpt and mark what you missed.
Work through the three examples above with pen and paper.
Explain Ironworkers Memorial Second Narrows Crossing out loud to somebody else — or to Teacher Smith in the lgStudy chat.

Frequently asked questions

What is Ironworkers Memorial Second Narrows Crossing in simple terms?

Why does Ironworkers Memorial Second Narrows Crossing matter?

Because it connects several engineering ideas at once: it gives you a definition you can apply, a quantity you can calculate, and a way to check whether a result is plausible.

How should I study Ironworkers Memorial Second Narrows Crossing?

Read the excerpt, restate it from memory, then work through the examples and applications listed on this page. The five-step study plan above takes about twenty minutes.

What does this page cover?

It gives you a compact reference excerpt plus original lgStudy explanations, examples, applications and study material on Ironworkers Memorial Second Narrows Crossing.