biology

Isovaleryl-CoA dehydrogenase

Isovaleryl-CoA dehydrogenase is a biology topic covered in the lgStudy science library. This page brings together a partial reference excerpt, illustrations, worked examples, real-world applications and a short study plan, so you can understand Isovaleryl-CoA dehydrogenase rather than just read about it. In short: In enzymology, an isovaleryl-CoA dehydrogenase (EC 1.3.8.4) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction 3-methylbutanoyl-CoA + acceptor ⇌ {\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons } 3-methylbut-2-enoyl-CoA + reduced acceptor Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are 3-methylbutanoyl-CoA and acceptor, whereas its two products are 3-methylbut-2-enoyl-CoA and reduced acceptor. This enzyme belongs to the family of oxido…

Key takeaways

Isovaleryl-CoA dehydrogenase belongs to biology; place it in that map before memorising details.
Learn the definition first, then one example that makes the definition concrete.
Connect Isovaleryl-CoA dehydrogenase to a quantity you can measure, compute or draw — that is where exam questions come from.
Reproduce the core statement of Isovaleryl-CoA dehydrogenase from memory before moving on to harder problems.

Reference excerpt

In enzymology, an isovaleryl-CoA dehydrogenase (EC 1.3.8.4) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

3-methylbutanoyl-CoA + acceptor ⇌ {\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons } 3-methylbut-2-enoyl-CoA + reduced acceptor Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are 3-methylbutanoyl-CoA and acceptor, whereas its two products are 3-methylbut-2-enoyl-CoA and reduced acceptor. This enzyme belongs to the family of oxidoreductases, specifically those acting on the CH-CH group of donor with other acceptors. The systematic name of this enzyme class is 3-methylbutanoyl-CoA:acceptor oxidoreductase. Other names in common use include isovaleryl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase, isovaleroyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase, and 3-methylbutanoyl-CoA:(acceptor) oxidoreductase. This enzyme participates in valine, leucine and isoleucine degradation. It employs one cofactor, FAD.

Structural studies As of late 2007, only one structure has been solved for this class of enzymes, with the PDB accession code PDB: 1IVH. It was created by a group containing K.A.Tiffany, D.L.Roberts, M.Wang, R.Paschke, A.-W.A.Mohsen, J.Vockley, and J.J.P.Kim. The structure was released on May 20, 1998.Doe. "PDBsum entry: 1ivh". Retrieved November 25, 2019.

Leucine metabolism

References

BACHHAWAT BK, ROBINSON WG, COON MJ (1956). "Enzymatic carboxylation of beta-hydroxyisovaleryl coenzyme A". J. Biol. Chem. 219 (2): 539–50. doi:10.1016/S0021-9258(18)65714-X. PMID 13319276. Ikeda Y, Tanaka K (1983). "Purification and characterization of isovaleryl coenzyme A dehydrogenase from rat liver mitochondria". J. Biol. Chem. 258 (2): 1077–85. doi:10.1016/S0021-9258(18)33161-2. PMID 6401713. Tanaka K, Budd MA, Efron ML, Isselbacher KJ (1966). "Isovaleric acidemia: a new genetic defect of leucine metabolism". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 56 (1): 236–42. Bibcode:1966PNAS...56..236T. doi:10.1073/pnas.56.1.236. PMC 285701. PMID 5229850.

Illustrations

Worked examples

Example 1 — a first encounter with Isovaleryl-CoA dehydrogenase

Start with the simplest possible case. Write down what Isovaleryl-CoA dehydrogenase claims or describes in one sentence, then invent the smallest concrete situation in which that sentence is true. In biology, the smallest case is usually a single object, a single equation or a single measurement. Check that every symbol or term in your sentence has a meaning in that case.

Example 2 — changing one variable

Take the situation from Example 1 and change exactly one quantity: double it, halve it, or set it to zero. Predict what should happen to Isovaleryl-CoA dehydrogenase before you calculate. Comparing your prediction with the result is the fastest way to find out whether you understand the idea or only the words.

Example 3 — an exam-style question

Typical questions about Isovaleryl-CoA dehydrogenase ask you to (a) state it precisely, (b) apply it to given data, and (c) explain a limitation. Practise writing all three answers in under five minutes; the third part is what separates a full-mark answer from an average one.

Applications of Isovaleryl-CoA dehydrogenase

In research: Isovaleryl-CoA dehydrogenase appears in biology research whenever the underlying quantities have to be modelled precisely. Papers usually cite it as a starting assumption and then explore where it breaks down.
In technology and industry: Engineering practice reuses Isovaleryl-CoA dehydrogenase in design rules, simulations and safety margins. Knowing the idea lets you read a specification sheet and understand why the numbers look the way they do.
In the classroom: Isovaleryl-CoA dehydrogenase is common in secondary-school and first-year university syllabi. It links to neighbouring topics EC 1.3.8, Enzymes of known structure, Flavoproteins, so understanding it makes those chapters shorter.
In everyday life: Look for Isovaleryl-CoA dehydrogenase outside the textbook — in sport, cooking, traffic, electronics or the sky above you. An example you found yourself is remembered far longer than one you were given.

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How to study Isovaleryl-CoA dehydrogenase in 20 minutes

Read the reference excerpt below once, without taking notes.
Close the page and write down what Isovaleryl-CoA dehydrogenase means in your own words.
Compare your version with the excerpt and mark what you missed.
Work through the three examples above with pen and paper.
Explain Isovaleryl-CoA dehydrogenase out loud to somebody else — or to Teacher Smith in the lgStudy chat.

Frequently asked questions

What is Isovaleryl-CoA dehydrogenase in simple terms?

In enzymology, an isovaleryl-CoA dehydrogenase (EC 1.3.8.4) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction 3-methylbutanoyl-CoA + acceptor ⇌ {\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons } 3-methylbut-2-enoyl-CoA + reduced acceptor Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are 3-methylbutanoyl-CoA and accepto…

Why does Isovaleryl-CoA dehydrogenase matter?

Because it connects several biology ideas at once: it gives you a definition you can apply, a quantity you can calculate, and a way to check whether a result is plausible.

How should I study Isovaleryl-CoA dehydrogenase?

Read the excerpt, restate it from memory, then work through the examples and applications listed on this page. The five-step study plan above takes about twenty minutes.

What does this page cover?

It gives you a compact reference excerpt plus original lgStudy explanations, examples, applications and study material on Isovaleryl-CoA dehydrogenase.