astronomy

Israel C. White

Israel C. White is a astronomy topic covered in the lgStudy science library. This page brings together a partial reference excerpt, illustrations, worked examples, real-world applications and a short study plan, so you can understand Israel C. White rather than just read about it. In short: Israel Charles White (November 1, 1848 – November 24, 1927) was an internationally renowned geologist and professor. He was the first state geologist of West Virginia and made significant contributions to the field of geology.

Key takeaways

Israel C. White belongs to astronomy; place it in that map before memorising details.
Learn the definition first, then one example that makes the definition concrete.
Connect Israel C. White to a quantity you can measure, compute or draw — that is where exam questions come from.
Reproduce the core statement of Israel C. White from memory before moving on to harder problems.

Reference excerpt

Israel Charles White (November 1, 1848 – November 24, 1927) was an internationally renowned geologist and professor. He was the first state geologist of West Virginia and made significant contributions to the field of geology.

Biography White was born on a farm in the Battelle district of Monongalia County, Virginia, United States, of western Monongalia County and grew up in Morgantown. White graduated from West Virginia University in June 1872 with a bachelor's degree in geology and did postgraduate studies in Geology and Chemistry from Columbia School of Mines and received a doctoral degree from the University of Arkansas in 1880. He began his career in 1875 as an assistant geologist in Pennsylvania. In 1877 he assumed the chair of Geology at West Virginia University, where he taught until 1892. In 1878, he was elected as a member of the American Philosophical Society. From 1884 to 1888, he worked as an assistant geologist for the United States Geological Survey, focusing on coal in Pennsylvania, Ohio, and West Virginia. He worked as a geologist at the West Virginia Geological and Economic Survey from 1897 onwards, eventually becoming chief of staff. White field tested the "Anticlinal Theory" for oil and gas exploration in 1883. White then went on to discover the Pennsylvania and Washington gas and oil field, the Grapeville gas field, the Belle Vernon field, and then in 1889, the Mannington oil field. As White stated, "It taught the practical oil men once and for all that they could not afford to disregard geological truths in their search for oil deposits. In 1904 he was hired by the Brazilian government as head of the "Comissão de Estudos das Minas de Carvão de Pedra do Brasil" (Commission for Studies on Brazilian Coal Mines), whose aim was to identify the potential of Brazilian coal, and whose report, published in 1908, was a milestone for understanding the geology of the Paraná Basin in Southern Brazil. One of the main results of these studies, besides the reconnaissance for coal, was the discovery of Mesosaurus fossils within Permian black shales (Irati Formation), and the Glossopteris flora within the Permian coals. White was one of the first to propose the equivalence between the South American Permian strata and similar rocks of the Karoo Basin in South Africa. This report had an important contribution to the development of Continental Drift Theory, published by Alfred Wegener in 1912. He was the treasurer of the Geological Society of America in 1892–1907 and its president in 1920. He died in Baltimore, Maryland, aged 79.

References

Further reading "History of WV Mineral Industries - Oil and Gas" West Virginia Geological and Economic Survey, Department of Commerce, West Virginia Allison, Lee (June 30, 2008) "Arizona Geology: 100 years of AASG", State Geologist, Arizona Geological Survey

External links The West Virginia & Regional History Center at West Virginia University houses the papers of Israel C. White in three collections, A&M 469, A&M 710, and A&M 797 The White stratigraphic column, Classic Geologic Section of the Gondwana Continent in Brazil Archived February 25, 2022, at the Wayback Machine

Illustrations

Worked examples

Example 1 — a first encounter with Israel C. White

Start with the simplest possible case. Write down what Israel C. White claims or describes in one sentence, then invent the smallest concrete situation in which that sentence is true. In astronomy, the smallest case is usually a single object, a single equation or a single measurement. Check that every symbol or term in your sentence has a meaning in that case.

Example 2 — changing one variable

Take the situation from Example 1 and change exactly one quantity: double it, halve it, or set it to zero. Predict what should happen to Israel C. White before you calculate. Comparing your prediction with the result is the fastest way to find out whether you understand the idea or only the words.

Example 3 — an exam-style question

Typical questions about Israel C. White ask you to (a) state it precisely, (b) apply it to given data, and (c) explain a limitation. Practise writing all three answers in under five minutes; the third part is what separates a full-mark answer from an average one.

Applications of Israel C. White

In research: Israel C. White appears in astronomy research whenever the underlying quantities have to be modelled precisely. Papers usually cite it as a starting assumption and then explore where it breaks down.
In technology and industry: Engineering practice reuses Israel C. White in design rules, simulations and safety margins. Knowing the idea lets you read a specification sheet and understand why the numbers look the way they do.
In the classroom: Israel C. White is common in secondary-school and first-year university syllabi. It links to neighbouring topics 1848 births, 1927 deaths, American geologists, so understanding it makes those chapters shorter.
In everyday life: Look for Israel C. White outside the textbook — in sport, cooking, traffic, electronics or the sky above you. An example you found yourself is remembered far longer than one you were given.

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How to study Israel C. White in 20 minutes

Read the reference excerpt below once, without taking notes.
Close the page and write down what Israel C. White means in your own words.
Compare your version with the excerpt and mark what you missed.
Work through the three examples above with pen and paper.
Explain Israel C. White out loud to somebody else — or to Teacher Smith in the lgStudy chat.

Frequently asked questions

What is Israel C. White in simple terms?

Why does Israel C. White matter?

Because it connects several astronomy ideas at once: it gives you a definition you can apply, a quantity you can calculate, and a way to check whether a result is plausible.

How should I study Israel C. White?

Read the excerpt, restate it from memory, then work through the examples and applications listed on this page. The five-step study plan above takes about twenty minutes.

What does this page cover?

It gives you a compact reference excerpt plus original lgStudy explanations, examples, applications and study material on Israel C. White.