The J. C. Adams Stone Barn is a historic Romanesque Revival barn constructed of stone and wood located about 1 mile (1.6 km) northeast of the town of Sun River, Montana, in the United States. It is just south of U.S. Route 89. It is the only Romanesque Revival stone barn in the United States located west of the Mississippi River. Chere Jiusto, Christine Brown, and Tom Ferris of the Montana Historical Society have described the Adams Stone Barn as "one of Montana's most-beloved and best-known landmark barns." The structure was added to the National Register of Historic Places on January 12, 1979.
History of the barn
J.C. Adams and construction of the barn James Calvin Adams was born in Morgan County, Kentucky, on December 11, 1846 to Lott William and Rebecca May Adams. He spent his childhood working on his family's farm. He was the third of eight children, and the oldest boy. His mother died in 1856 at the age of 32. His father died in Bates County, Missouri, in 1861 at the age of 44, leaving Adams orphaned. After being imprisoned at the age of 16 during the American Civil War, he was released and settled in the Montana Territory in 1863 (traveling up the Missouri River by steamboat). He spent several years working for the Diamond R. Wagon Co. hauling supplies from Fort Benton to Walla Walla via the Mullan Road. In December 1874, he moved to Sun River, Montana, where he established the Sun River Ranch. He raised cattle, horses, and sheep, which he sold to the United States Army at nearby Fort Shaw. He opened stores in Sun River and in Augusta, Montana, and by 1882 was one of the wealthiest landowners in the area. Adams began construction of the stone barn in 1882. He hired two Swedish immigrant stonemasons to help construct it. William Bruce, a Canadian immigrant, was hired as the construction foreman. He spent more than $10,000 on the structure, which was considered an extremely lavish amount at the time. The single-piece stone arches for the barn were imported from St. Louis, Missouri, and shipped by steamboat to nearby Fort Benton. When completed after nearly three years, the nearby Sun River Press newspaper called it the "Marvel of Montana." To celebrate the barn's completion, Adams held a roller skating party on the barn's second floor. The main section of the barn was used by Adams to house cattle. The west wing contained several horse stalls, and was also used to house the horse tack. The east wing was used as a garage for storing wagons, and contained a cooled room for holding dressed meat. The second floor was used to store hay. But dances were also held there, and it sometimes functioned as housing for passengers on the local stagecoach route. Two of Adams' workers, Robert Swain and Samuel Gilmour, founded Gilmour and Swain's Buggy and Carriage Repair and Corrective Shoeing in the barn in 1885. (The business still existed as of 2012 as Swains Spring Service.) Fort Shaw closed in 1890. But until then, the fort's soldiers often held roller skating parties as well as formal functions in the barn's second floor. The barn's large meat locker also often stored meat for the fort.
20th century ownership changes Adams died in 1913. His widow, who had nine children to support, was unable to pay the taxes on the farm. Fred A. Woehner, owner of the Great Falls Drug Co. (a small chain of pharmacies in the area), acquired the ranch in a tax sale in 1920 and used it as a home. Woehner died, and in 1939 C.A. Christensen (whose family owned a ranch next to the Adams property) purchased the ranch from his estate. The Christensen family used the barn to house cattle for their dairy. The Christensen family sold the ranch to Great Falls lumber yard and hardware store owner Harold Poulsen in 1973. The same year that Poulsen bought the old Adams ranch and its stone barn, Mike and Teresa Stuckslager began researching the history of the barn. Mike Stuckslager was a former graphic and advertising design artist for the Chicago Tribune newspaper who quit to be the editor of two historic gun-collecting magazines. Teresa Stuckslager was a writer of commercials for radio and television. The Stuckslagers moved to Montana in early 1973, and quickly discovered the Adams Stone Barn. Over the next six years, the Stuckslagers researched the history of the barn, documented the genealogy of the Adams family, and established the historic nature of the structure. By 1979, the stone barn was in poor condition. The sandstone front wall was leaning forward by about 2 feet (0.61 m), most of the windows lacked glass, and the life-size horse weathervane had lost its ears and tail to lightning. The roof was collapsing, most of the shingles were gone, and the ventilators had collapsed. The local newspaper, the Great Falls Tribune, said the structure was close to "near-certain collapse". Stuckslager nominated the barn for placement on the National Register of Historic Places, to which it was added in 1979. The Stuckslagers approached Poulsen about restoration efforts. Poulsen agreed the barn needed conserving, and that same year established a nonprofit organization, the Dracut Junction Stone Barn Co., to take ownership of the barn and the immediate land it stood on. (The nonprofit was named after a town that J.C. Adams planned to found near his ranch, but never did.) Poulsen received a $79,000 tax credit for donating the barn to the nonprofit.
Dracut Junction Stone Barn Co. and the restoration of the barn Ownership of the Adams Stone Barn by Dracut Junction Stone Barn Co. made the structure eligible for preservation grants from the United States Department of the Interior. The nonprofit received a $79,000 preservation grant in 1980 that greatly improved its structural integrity. The roof was restored, new glass windows installed, and the second floor reinforced to prevent its collapse. The front sandstone wall was set upright, and all the walls strengthened against collapse. Much of the preservation work was performed by local volunteers. Another $31,000 was raised locally to finish the restoration work in 1981. The rededication of the Adams Stone Barn in August 1981 was attended by Montana Governor Ted Schwinden and Alma Adams Morgan, the 101-year-old surviving child of J.C. Adams. At some point between 1981 and 2002, Stuckslager installed an underground electrical power line that allowed the barn to have electric lighting and power. But no electric wiring inside the barn was installed, and the power never turned on.
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