science

JJC8-016

JJC8-016 is a science topic covered in the lgStudy science library. This page brings together a partial reference excerpt, illustrations, worked examples, real-world applications and a short study plan, so you can understand JJC8-016 rather than just read about it. In short: JJC8-016 is an atypical dopamine reuptake inhibitor (DRI) derived from modafinil. It was an early lead in the development of novel modafinil analogues with improved properties for potential use in the treatment of psychostimulant use disorder (PSUD).

Key takeaways

JJC8-016 belongs to science; place it in that map before memorising details.
Learn the definition first, then one example that makes the definition concrete.
Connect JJC8-016 to a quantity you can measure, compute or draw — that is where exam questions come from.
Reproduce the core statement of JJC8-016 from memory before moving on to harder problems.

Reference excerpt

JJC8-016 is an atypical dopamine reuptake inhibitor (DRI) derived from modafinil. It was an early lead in the development of novel modafinil analogues with improved properties for potential use in the treatment of psychostimulant use disorder (PSUD).

Pharmacology The affinities of JJC8-016 for the monoamine transporters are 114 nM for the dopamine transporter (DAT), 3850 nM for the norepinephrine transporter (NET) (34-fold lower than for the DAT), and 354 nM for the serotonin transporter (SERT) (3.1-fold lower than for the DAT). JJC8-016 also has high affinity for the dopamine D2 receptor (Ki = 228 nM), the dopamine D3 receptor (Ki = 65.9 nM), the dopamine D4 receptor (Ki = 28.1 nM), and the sigma σ1 receptor (Ki = 159 nM). It has much higher affinity for the DAT than modafinil (Ki = 2600 nM; 23-fold difference), but is also much less selective in comparison.

Animal studies JJC8-016 does significantly modify dopamine levels in the nucleus accumbens, does not produce cocaine- or psychostimulant-like effects, and is not self-administered in animals. As such, it shows a profile of low misuse liability. Its actions are in contrast to modafinil and other analogues, which do significantly increase nucleus accumbens dopamine levels, albeit much less robustly than cocaine. JJC8-016 has been found to blunt cocaine-mediated increases in dopamine levels in the nucleus accumbens, to dose-dependently block the psychostimulant-like effects of cocaine, to block self-administration of cocaine, and to prevent cocaine-induced reinstatement of drug-seeking behavior in animals. It has also been found to reduce methamphetamine self-administration and escalation of its intake.

Preclinical development JJC8-016 was under investigation for the potential treatment of PSUD. However, it was abandoned following findings that it interacts with high affinity at the hERG antitarget (IC50Tooltip half-maximal inhibitory concentration = 60 nM) and thereby would be predicted to produce cardiotoxicity. This was also the reason for the abandonment of vanoxerine (GBR-12909), a structurally distinct atypical DRI that was in clinical trials for PSUD. In addition to its hERG affinity, JJC8-016 was described as having poor metabolic and pharmacokinetic characteristics. Subsequently, more selective modafinil-derived DAT blockers, like JJC8-088 and JJC8-091, were developed. JJC8-088 has ~90-fold higher affinity for the DAT than JJC8-016 and ~2-fold lower affinity for the hERG. Newer related modafinil analogues and DRIs with further reduced affinity for the hERG were also subsequently developed. JJC8-016 was first described in the scientific literature by 2014. However, the actual compound itself was first mentioned in a patent that dates back to 1992.

See also List of modafinil analogues and derivatives

References

Illustrations

Worked examples

Example 1 — a first encounter with JJC8-016

Start with the simplest possible case. Write down what JJC8-016 claims or describes in one sentence, then invent the smallest concrete situation in which that sentence is true. In science, the smallest case is usually a single object, a single equation or a single measurement. Check that every symbol or term in your sentence has a meaning in that case.

Example 2 — changing one variable

Take the situation from Example 1 and change exactly one quantity: double it, halve it, or set it to zero. Predict what should happen to JJC8-016 before you calculate. Comparing your prediction with the result is the fastest way to find out whether you understand the idea or only the words.

Example 3 — an exam-style question

Typical questions about JJC8-016 ask you to (a) state it precisely, (b) apply it to given data, and (c) explain a limitation. Practise writing all three answers in under five minutes; the third part is what separates a full-mark answer from an average one.

Applications of JJC8-016

In research: JJC8-016 appears in science research whenever the underlying quantities have to be modelled precisely. Papers usually cite it as a starting assumption and then explore where it breaks down.
In technology and industry: Engineering practice reuses JJC8-016 in design rules, simulations and safety margins. Knowing the idea lets you read a specification sheet and understand why the numbers look the way they do.
In the classroom: JJC8-016 is common in secondary-school and first-year university syllabi. It links to neighbouring topics Abandoned drugs, Bis(4-fluorophenyl)methanes, Dopamine receptor modulators, so understanding it makes those chapters shorter.
In everyday life: Look for JJC8-016 outside the textbook — in sport, cooking, traffic, electronics or the sky above you. An example you found yourself is remembered far longer than one you were given.

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How to study JJC8-016 in 20 minutes

Read the reference excerpt below once, without taking notes.
Close the page and write down what JJC8-016 means in your own words.
Compare your version with the excerpt and mark what you missed.
Work through the three examples above with pen and paper.
Explain JJC8-016 out loud to somebody else — or to Teacher Smith in the lgStudy chat.

Frequently asked questions

What is JJC8-016 in simple terms?

Why does JJC8-016 matter?

Because it connects several science ideas at once: it gives you a definition you can apply, a quantity you can calculate, and a way to check whether a result is plausible.

How should I study JJC8-016?

Read the excerpt, restate it from memory, then work through the examples and applications listed on this page. The five-step study plan above takes about twenty minutes.

What does this page cover?

It gives you a compact reference excerpt plus original lgStudy explanations, examples, applications and study material on JJC8-016.