astronomy

Jacques Draparnaud

Jacques Draparnaud is a astronomy topic covered in the lgStudy science library. This page brings together a partial reference excerpt, illustrations, worked examples, real-world applications and a short study plan, so you can understand Jacques Draparnaud rather than just read about it. In short: Jacques Philippe Raymond Draparnaud (3 June 1772, Montpellier – 2 February 1804) was a French naturalist, malacologist and botanist. He is considered the father of malacology in France.

Key takeaways

Jacques Draparnaud belongs to astronomy; place it in that map before memorising details.
Learn the definition first, then one example that makes the definition concrete.
Connect Jacques Draparnaud to a quantity you can measure, compute or draw — that is where exam questions come from.
Reproduce the core statement of Jacques Draparnaud from memory before moving on to harder problems.

Reference excerpt

Jacques Philippe Raymond Draparnaud (3 June 1772, Montpellier – 2 February 1804) was a French naturalist, malacologist and botanist. He is considered the father of malacology in France. He was professor of medicine and pathology at the Faculté de Médecine de Montpellier.

Draparnaud understood the breadth of the fauna he studied, as can be seen in a quote from him, in Histoire Naturelle des Mollusques, published in 1805:Au reste, quoique j'aie décrit pour la France seule un bien plus grand nombre d'espèces que Muller et Schroeter n'ent ont fait connoître pour l'Europe entière, et trois fois autant que Geoffroy et Poiret n'en ont observé dans les environs de Paris, je suis convaincu qu'il reste encore en ce genre bien des découvertes à faire. Translation: As for the remainder, even though I have described for France a greater number of species than Müller and Schroeter made known for the whole of Europe, and three times as many as Geoffroy and Poiret observed around Paris, still I am convinced that there remain many more discoveries of this kind to be made.

Taxa Draparnaud named ("described") a large number of new taxa of molluscs, including for example:

Arion subfuscus (Draparnaud, 1805), a land slug Bulimulus lineatus (Draparnaud, 1805), a tropical land snail Myosotella myosotis (Draparnaud, 1801), a saltmarsh snail In addition, many other taxa were named by others in honour of him, including:

Draparnaldia, a genus of freshwater green algae in the family Chaetophoraceae. Draparnaldiopsis, a genus of green algae in the family Chaetophoraceae. Draparnaudia, a genus of land snails, which has in turn given its name to the family Draparnaudiidae Oxychilus draparnaudi, a species of land snail

Works 1794 (an II). Observations sur le Mantis oratoria. Bulletin de la Société philomatique de Paris, III, p. 161. 1797 (an V). Note sur l'Agaricus radiosus. Journal de Santé et d'Histoire naturelle de Bordeaux, I, n° 8, 25 floréal an V, p. 145-149. 1797 (an V). Théorie de l'origine et de la formation des Egagropiles de mer. Journal de Santé et d'Histoire naturelle de Bordeaux, I, n°2, 25 pluviose an V, p. 21-27. 1797 (an V). Observations sur l'Helix algira. Journal de Santé et d'Histoire naturelle de Bordeaux, I, an V, p. 98. 1797 (an V). Réponse aux observations du citoyen Guérin sur la théorie des Egagropiles de mer. Journal de Santé et d'Histoire naturelle de Bordeaux, I, n° 10, 25 prairial an V, p. 173-180. 1799 (an VII). Observations sur le mouvement giratoire des molécules du Camphre. Journal de Santé et d'Histoire naturelle de Bordeaux, III, an VII, p. 264. 1799 (an VII). Propositions générales et observations relatives à diverses branches de la médecine. Thèse soutenue le 12 germinal an VII. 1799 (an VII). Fragments de la physiologie végétale. Deuxième thèse soutenue le 1er messidor an VII. 1800 (an VIII). Aperçus de la philosophie médicale. Troisième thèse, soutenue le 22 messidor an VIII. 1800 (an VIII). Observations sur la Gioenia. Bulletin de la Société philomatique de Paris, II, p. 113-114; Millin, Mag. encycl., V, 5, 1800, p. 378-379; Journ. phys., LVI, 1800, p. 146-147. 1801 (an IX). Fragments pour servir à l'Histoire des progrès en médecine dans l'Université de Montpellier. Quatrième thèse, soutenue le 18 ventôse an IX. 1801 (an IX). Observations sur la Bulla Hydatis. Millin, Mag. Encycl., VI, 1, p. 115-116. 1801 (an IX). Observations sur l'Alcyonum domuncula. Bulletin de la Société philomatique de Paris, p. 167-170. 1801 (an IX). Dissertation sur l'utilité de l'Histoire naturelle dans la médecine, présentée à l'École de médecine de Montpellier. Montpellier, 61 p. 1801 (an IX). Discours relatif à l'Histoire naturelle de Montpellier. Montpellier, 41 p. 1801 (an IX). Discours sur les avantages de l'Histoire naturelle, et discours sur les mœurs et la manière de vivre des plantes. Montpellier, 61 p. 1801 (an IX). Tableau des Mollusques terrestres et fluviatiles de la France. Montpellier et Paris, 116 p. 1802 (an X). Essai de pathologie végétale. Discours lu le 30 vendémiaire an X (1802) à la séance publique de la Société d'Agriculture. 1802 (an X). Discours sur la vie et les fonctions, ou précis de la physiologie comparative. Montpellier. 1802 (an X). Discours sur la philosophie des Sciences. Montpellier. 1802 (an X). Sur le glauque de certains végétaux. Journ. phys., LVI, p. 112. 1803 (an XI). Dissertation sur l'utilité de l'Histoire naturelle en médecine. Montpellier. 1803 (an XI). Mémoire sur la reproduction considérée dans les divers corps organiques. Recueil des Bulletins de Montpellier, I, p. 3-8. 1803 (an XI). Observations sur la Lime. Recueil des Bulletins de Montpellier, I, p. 52-54. 1803 (an XI). Mémoire sur les organes du chant des Insectes. Recueil des Bulletins de Montpellier, I, p. 55-61. 1803 (an XI). Mémoire sur l'Insecte qui a dévasté, en l'an X, les vignes des communes de Marseillan et de Florensac. Recueil des Bulletins de Montpellier, I, p. 86-91. 1803 (an XI). Observations sur le passage des couleurs des coquilles à la couleur bleue. Recueil des Bulletins de Montpellier, I, p. 162-163. 1803 (an XI). Fragment d'un essai sur la pathologie végétale. Recueil des Bulletins de Montpellier, I, p. 174-185. 1803 (an XI). Notice minéralogique sur Montferrier. Recueil des Bulletins de Montpellier, I, p. 353-359. 1803 (an XI). Observations sur la formation et la cristallisation sous-marines du spath calcaire. Recueil des Bulletins de Montpellier, I, p. 359-361 et Journ. phys., LVII, p. 174-180. 1803 (an XI). Sur les mouvements que certains fluides reçoivent par le contact d'autres fluides. Annales de la chimie, XLVII, p. 303-311; Gilbert Ann., XXIV, p. 130-134; Nikolson Journ., VIII, p. 201-204. 1805 (an XIII). Histoire naturelle des Mollusques terrestres et fluviatiles de la France. Paris, 164 p., 13 pl. [ouvrage posthume] Specimen florae soricianae Observationes agrostographicae Observationes muscologicae Algarum species novae Nova plantarum Lichenosarum methodus microscopico-analytica Prodromus Historiae confervarum Compendium Historiae naturalis Monspeliensis Flora Monspeliensis Bibliotheca universalis Historiae naturalis

Bibliography Jean-Jacques Amigo, « Draparnaud (Jacques, Philippe, Raymond) », in Nouveau Dictionnaire de biographies roussillonnaises, vol. 3 Sciences de la Vie et de la Terre, Perpignan, Publications de l'olivier, 2017, 915 p. (ISBN 9782908866506)

References

Illustrations

Worked examples

Example 1 — a first encounter with Jacques Draparnaud

Start with the simplest possible case. Write down what Jacques Draparnaud claims or describes in one sentence, then invent the smallest concrete situation in which that sentence is true. In astronomy, the smallest case is usually a single object, a single equation or a single measurement. Check that every symbol or term in your sentence has a meaning in that case.

Example 2 — changing one variable

Take the situation from Example 1 and change exactly one quantity: double it, halve it, or set it to zero. Predict what should happen to Jacques Draparnaud before you calculate. Comparing your prediction with the result is the fastest way to find out whether you understand the idea or only the words.

Example 3 — an exam-style question

Typical questions about Jacques Draparnaud ask you to (a) state it precisely, (b) apply it to given data, and (c) explain a limitation. Practise writing all three answers in under five minutes; the third part is what separates a full-mark answer from an average one.

Applications of Jacques Draparnaud

In research: Jacques Draparnaud appears in astronomy research whenever the underlying quantities have to be modelled precisely. Papers usually cite it as a starting assumption and then explore where it breaks down.
In technology and industry: Engineering practice reuses Jacques Draparnaud in design rules, simulations and safety margins. Knowing the idea lets you read a specification sheet and understand why the numbers look the way they do.
In the classroom: Jacques Draparnaud is common in secondary-school and first-year university syllabi. It links to neighbouring topics 1772 births, 1804 deaths, 18th-century French naturalists, so understanding it makes those chapters shorter.
In everyday life: Look for Jacques Draparnaud outside the textbook — in sport, cooking, traffic, electronics or the sky above you. An example you found yourself is remembered far longer than one you were given.

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How to study Jacques Draparnaud in 20 minutes

Read the reference excerpt below once, without taking notes.
Close the page and write down what Jacques Draparnaud means in your own words.
Compare your version with the excerpt and mark what you missed.
Work through the three examples above with pen and paper.
Explain Jacques Draparnaud out loud to somebody else — or to Teacher Smith in the lgStudy chat.

Frequently asked questions

What is Jacques Draparnaud in simple terms?

Jacques Philippe Raymond Draparnaud (3 June 1772, Montpellier – 2 February 1804) was a French naturalist, malacologist and botanist. He is considered the father of malacology in France.

Why does Jacques Draparnaud matter?

Because it connects several astronomy ideas at once: it gives you a definition you can apply, a quantity you can calculate, and a way to check whether a result is plausible.

How should I study Jacques Draparnaud?

Read the excerpt, restate it from memory, then work through the examples and applications listed on this page. The five-step study plan above takes about twenty minutes.

What does this page cover?

It gives you a compact reference excerpt plus original lgStudy explanations, examples, applications and study material on Jacques Draparnaud.