science

James C. Parks

James C. Parks is a science topic covered in the lgStudy science library. This page brings together a partial reference excerpt, illustrations, worked examples, real-world applications and a short study plan, so you can understand James C. Parks rather than just read about it. In short: James Clair Parks, Ph.D. (1942–2002) was an American botanist and plant taxonomist who was a professor and herbarium curator at Millersville University in Millersville, Pennsylvania, USA from 1967 until his death in 2002.

Key takeaways

James C. Parks belongs to science; place it in that map before memorising details.
Learn the definition first, then one example that makes the definition concrete.
Connect James C. Parks to a quantity you can measure, compute or draw — that is where exam questions come from.
Reproduce the core statement of James C. Parks from memory before moving on to harder problems.

Reference excerpt

James Clair Parks, Ph.D. (1942–2002) was an American botanist and plant taxonomist who was a professor and herbarium curator at Millersville University in Millersville, Pennsylvania, USA from 1967 until his death in 2002. In 2004, the herbarium at Millersville University was dedicated in his honor as the James C. Parks Herbarium.

Taxonomic specialties Parks's taxonomic specialty was on American Compositae (Asteraceae) and American ferns. Dr. Parks conducted his doctoral dissertation on a taxonomic revision of the North American and Caribbean genus Melanthera Rohr (Compositae; Parks 1968).

Some taxonomic names for which Parks is an author Melanthera aspera var. glabriuscula (Kuntze) J.C.Parks

Publications Parks was the author of 14 journal articles and book chapters. These are listed below, from most to least recent.

Dyer AF, JC Parks, S Lindsay (2000) Historical review of the uncertain taxonomic status of Cystopteris dickieana R.Sim (Dickie's bladder fern). Edinburgh Journal of Botany 57 (1): 71–81. Parks JC, AF Dyer, S Lindsay (2000) Allozyme, spore and frond variation in some Scottish populations of the ferns Cystopteris dickieana and Cystopteris fragilis. Edinburgh Journal of Botany 57 (1): 83–105. Parks JC (2000). Lycopodiaceae. pp 64–70 in Rhoads AF, TA Block (eds.) The plants of Pennsylvania: an illustrated manual. University of Pennsylvania Press. Parks JC, JD Montgomery (2000). Ferns. pp 71–106 in Rhoads AF, TA Block (eds.) The plants of Pennsylvania: an illustrated manual. University of Pennsylvania Press. Parks JC, KA Mosser (1998) A morphological and allozymal study of a Cystoperis tennesseensis (Dryopteridaceae) population: first report of the species in Lancaster County, PA. Journal of the Pennsylvania Academy of Sciences 71 (2): 78–83. Parks JC, CR Werth (1993) A study of spatial features of clones in a population of bracken fern, Pteridium aquilinum (Dennstaedtiaceae). American Journal of Botany 80 (5): 537–544. Parks JC (1989) Distribution of gametophytic populations of Vittaria and Trichomanes in Pennsylvania. Rhodora 91: 201–206. Parks JC, AF Rhoads (1985) Erigenia bulbosa in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania. Bartonia 51. Stober SS, JC Parks (1985) Chromosomal studies of Physalis virginiana var. subglabrata and Physalis heterophylla. Bartonia 51: 65–68. Parks JC, DR Farrar (1984) A first report of the fern genus Vittaria in New York. Rhodora 86 (848): 421–423. Parks JC (1984) New Pennsylvania locality of Cryptogramma stelleri. Bartonia 50: 63. Farrar DR, JC Parks, BW McAlpin (1983) The fern genera Vittaria and Trichomanes in the Northeastern United States. Rhodora 85 (841): 83–92. Parks JC (1973) A revision of North American and Caribbean Melanthera (Compositae). Rhodora 75: 169–210. Parks JC (1969) Simple technique for demonstrating chromosomal coils using Tradescantia pollen mother cells. Proceedings of the Pennsylvania Academy of Science 43: 61–63.

Literature cited Parks JC (1968) A revision of the genus Melanthera Rohr (Compositae): in North America and the Caribbean. Ph.D. Dissertation, Vanderbilt University.

References

Worked examples

Example 1 — a first encounter with James C. Parks

Start with the simplest possible case. Write down what James C. Parks claims or describes in one sentence, then invent the smallest concrete situation in which that sentence is true. In science, the smallest case is usually a single object, a single equation or a single measurement. Check that every symbol or term in your sentence has a meaning in that case.

Example 2 — changing one variable

Take the situation from Example 1 and change exactly one quantity: double it, halve it, or set it to zero. Predict what should happen to James C. Parks before you calculate. Comparing your prediction with the result is the fastest way to find out whether you understand the idea or only the words.

Example 3 — an exam-style question

Typical questions about James C. Parks ask you to (a) state it precisely, (b) apply it to given data, and (c) explain a limitation. Practise writing all three answers in under five minutes; the third part is what separates a full-mark answer from an average one.

Applications of James C. Parks

In research: James C. Parks appears in science research whenever the underlying quantities have to be modelled precisely. Papers usually cite it as a starting assumption and then explore where it breaks down.
In technology and industry: Engineering practice reuses James C. Parks in design rules, simulations and safety margins. Knowing the idea lets you read a specification sheet and understand why the numbers look the way they do.
In the classroom: James C. Parks is common in secondary-school and first-year university syllabi. It links to neighbouring topics 1942 births, 2002 deaths, American botanists, so understanding it makes those chapters shorter.
In everyday life: Look for James C. Parks outside the textbook — in sport, cooking, traffic, electronics or the sky above you. An example you found yourself is remembered far longer than one you were given.

Ask Teacher Smith questions about this articleOpens your AI tutor with a question about “James C. Parks” →

Affiliate

Preply — study more efficiently by working with a personal tutor. 50% off.

How to study James C. Parks in 20 minutes

Read the reference excerpt below once, without taking notes.
Close the page and write down what James C. Parks means in your own words.
Compare your version with the excerpt and mark what you missed.
Work through the three examples above with pen and paper.
Explain James C. Parks out loud to somebody else — or to Teacher Smith in the lgStudy chat.

Frequently asked questions

What is James C. Parks in simple terms?

Why does James C. Parks matter?

Because it connects several science ideas at once: it gives you a definition you can apply, a quantity you can calculate, and a way to check whether a result is plausible.

How should I study James C. Parks?

Read the excerpt, restate it from memory, then work through the examples and applications listed on this page. The five-step study plan above takes about twenty minutes.

What does this page cover?

It gives you a compact reference excerpt plus original lgStudy explanations, examples, applications and study material on James C. Parks.