astronomy

James Hogle

James Hogle is a astronomy topic covered in the lgStudy science library. This page brings together a partial reference excerpt, illustrations, worked examples, real-world applications and a short study plan, so you can understand James Hogle rather than just read about it. In short: James Martin Hogle (born July 16, 1951) is an American biophysicist who discovered the structure of poliovirus in 1985. He is an emeritus Edward S.

Key takeaways

James Hogle belongs to astronomy; place it in that map before memorising details.
Learn the definition first, then one example that makes the definition concrete.
Connect James Hogle to a quantity you can measure, compute or draw — that is where exam questions come from.
Reproduce the core statement of James Hogle from memory before moving on to harder problems.

Reference excerpt

James Martin Hogle (born July 16, 1951) is an American biophysicist who discovered the structure of poliovirus in 1985. He is an emeritus Edward S. Harkness Professor at Harvard Medical School where he was also Chair of the Biophysics Program, as well as a faculty dean for Dudley House and a faculty director at Peabody Terrace.

Early life and education Hogle was born in Detroit and grew up in Minneapolis, where he lived from the age of 9. After receiving a B.A. in biochemistry from the University of Minnesota, Hogle was accepted to both the oncology program and the biochemistry program at the University of Wisconsin–Madison, and chose biochemistry because he was "afraid (oncology) might be too specialized." He interviewed virologist Roland Rueckert, who was not available at the time, and did a summer rotation in the laboratory of pioneering X-ray crystallographer Muttaiya Sundaralingam, where he was "immediately hooked" on crystallography. Hogle worked on a number of projects at this lab, and developed an interest in virology. As a postdoctoral student working in Stephen C. Harrison's lab at Harvard, he worked on the structure of turnip crinkle virus and tomato bushy stunt virus, and began investigating poliovirus structure.

Academia At Scripps Research Institute, Hogle used a three-pronged approach to determine the poliovirus structure: electron microscopy, direct methods, and the heavy atom method. In 1985, at the age of 35, he succeeded in determining the structure of poliovirus using X-ray crystallography. Hogle went to Harvard Medical School in 1991, continuing to work on polio and its close relatives such as herpes simplex virus as well as echovirus and other picornaviruses. His lab had two major areas of focus: structural and biochemical characterization of the cell entry pathway of polio and related viruses, and structural characterization of components of the Herpes virus replication complex and nuclear egress complex. He retired in 2019.

References

External links The Hogle Laboratory Professor Hogle's page at Harvard Medical School

Worked examples

Example 1 — a first encounter with James Hogle

Start with the simplest possible case. Write down what James Hogle claims or describes in one sentence, then invent the smallest concrete situation in which that sentence is true. In astronomy, the smallest case is usually a single object, a single equation or a single measurement. Check that every symbol or term in your sentence has a meaning in that case.

Example 2 — changing one variable

Take the situation from Example 1 and change exactly one quantity: double it, halve it, or set it to zero. Predict what should happen to James Hogle before you calculate. Comparing your prediction with the result is the fastest way to find out whether you understand the idea or only the words.

Example 3 — an exam-style question

Typical questions about James Hogle ask you to (a) state it precisely, (b) apply it to given data, and (c) explain a limitation. Practise writing all three answers in under five minutes; the third part is what separates a full-mark answer from an average one.

Applications of James Hogle

In research: James Hogle appears in astronomy research whenever the underlying quantities have to be modelled precisely. Papers usually cite it as a starting assumption and then explore where it breaks down.
In technology and industry: Engineering practice reuses James Hogle in design rules, simulations and safety margins. Knowing the idea lets you read a specification sheet and understand why the numbers look the way they do.
In the classroom: James Hogle is common in secondary-school and first-year university syllabi. It links to neighbouring topics 1951 births, American biophysicists, Harvard Medical School faculty, so understanding it makes those chapters shorter.
In everyday life: Look for James Hogle outside the textbook — in sport, cooking, traffic, electronics or the sky above you. An example you found yourself is remembered far longer than one you were given.

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How to study James Hogle in 20 minutes

Read the reference excerpt below once, without taking notes.
Close the page and write down what James Hogle means in your own words.
Compare your version with the excerpt and mark what you missed.
Work through the three examples above with pen and paper.
Explain James Hogle out loud to somebody else — or to Teacher Smith in the lgStudy chat.

Frequently asked questions

What is James Hogle in simple terms?

James Martin Hogle (born July 16, 1951) is an American biophysicist who discovered the structure of poliovirus in 1985. He is an emeritus Edward S.

Why does James Hogle matter?

Because it connects several astronomy ideas at once: it gives you a definition you can apply, a quantity you can calculate, and a way to check whether a result is plausible.

How should I study James Hogle?

Read the excerpt, restate it from memory, then work through the examples and applications listed on this page. The five-step study plan above takes about twenty minutes.

What does this page cover?

It gives you a compact reference excerpt plus original lgStudy explanations, examples, applications and study material on James Hogle.