biology

James Israel

James Israel is a biology topic covered in the lgStudy science library. This page brings together a partial reference excerpt, illustrations, worked examples, real-world applications and a short study plan, so you can understand James Israel rather than just read about it. In short: James Adolf Israel (2 February 1848 – 2 February 1926) was a German surgeon. Academic background Israel was a native of Berlin, where he was born to Jewish parents.

Key takeaways

James Israel belongs to biology; place it in that map before memorising details.
Learn the definition first, then one example that makes the definition concrete.
Connect James Israel to a quantity you can measure, compute or draw — that is where exam questions come from.
Reproduce the core statement of James Israel from memory before moving on to harder problems.

Reference excerpt

James Adolf Israel (2 February 1848 – 2 February 1926) was a German surgeon.

Academic background

Israel was a native of Berlin, where he was born to Jewish parents. In 1870, Israel received his medical doctorate from Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität in Berlin, where he studied under Ludwig Traube (1818–1876). During the Franco-Prussian War, he served as a military physician, afterwards furthering his studies in Vienna (1871). During the following year (1872), he became an assistant physician at the hospital for the Jewish community. In 1875, after furthering his education in England and Scotland, he was appointed deputy physician-in-chief of the surgical department of the Jewish hospital in Berlin, where, in 1880, he was promoted to chief-in-chief. In 1894, he received the title of professor. Among his students in Berlin was surgeon Ferdinand Karewski (1858-1923).

Contributions in medicine Israel was a pioneer in modern urologic and renal surgery. His inaugural thesis involved Bright's kidney disease, and his first report of an operation of the kidney was in 1882. He published over 100 articles during his career, largely on urologic medicine. He was co-founder of the journal Folia Urologica. Israel made significant contributions in the field of plastic surgery, in particular, oral and maxillofacial surgery. He was also an early advocate of Joseph Lister's antiseptic practices in the operating room. In addition, he is credited for design of a mobile hospital railcar known as a "lazarett". In 1878, he provided the first description of actinomycosis in humans, caused by a pathogen that was later given the name Actinomyces israelii.

Associated eponym The Nicoladoni-Israel-Branham sign is a circulatory phenomenon seen in angioma racemosum of the extremities. It was first described in 1875 by Carl Nicoladoni (1847–1902).

Selected writings Fünf Fälle von diffuser Nephritis (Five cases of diffuse nephritis). Medical dissertation, Berlin 1870. Angiectasie im Stromgebiete der A. tibialis antica. Beobachtung einiger bemerkenswerther Phaenomene nach Unterbindung der A. femoralis . (Observations of a remarkable phenomena after removal of the femoral artery). Klin Arch Chir 1877; 21 109. Klinische Beiträge zur Kenntnis der Aktinomykose des Menschen. (Clinical contributions to the knowledge of actinomycosis in humans). Berlin 1885. Ueber Reincultur des Actinomyces und seine Uebertragbarkeit auf Thiere. Archiv Pathologische Anatomie; (1891); 126:11–28, (with Max Wolff). Chirurgische Klinik der Nierenkrankheiten. (Surgical clinic of renal disease). Berlin 1901. Die Chirurgie der Niere und des Harnleiters. (The surgery of the kidney and ureter). 1926.

References

This article incorporates information based on a translation of an equivalent article at the German Wikipedia.

External links James Adolf Israel @ Who Named It

Illustrations

Worked examples

Example 1 — a first encounter with James Israel

Start with the simplest possible case. Write down what James Israel claims or describes in one sentence, then invent the smallest concrete situation in which that sentence is true. In biology, the smallest case is usually a single object, a single equation or a single measurement. Check that every symbol or term in your sentence has a meaning in that case.

Example 2 — changing one variable

Take the situation from Example 1 and change exactly one quantity: double it, halve it, or set it to zero. Predict what should happen to James Israel before you calculate. Comparing your prediction with the result is the fastest way to find out whether you understand the idea or only the words.

Example 3 — an exam-style question

Typical questions about James Israel ask you to (a) state it precisely, (b) apply it to given data, and (c) explain a limitation. Practise writing all three answers in under five minutes; the third part is what separates a full-mark answer from an average one.

Applications of James Israel

In research: James Israel appears in biology research whenever the underlying quantities have to be modelled precisely. Papers usually cite it as a starting assumption and then explore where it breaks down.
In technology and industry: Engineering practice reuses James Israel in design rules, simulations and safety margins. Knowing the idea lets you read a specification sheet and understand why the numbers look the way they do.
In the classroom: James Israel is common in secondary-school and first-year university syllabi. It links to neighbouring topics 1848 births, 1926 deaths, 19th-century Jewish medical doctors, so understanding it makes those chapters shorter.
In everyday life: Look for James Israel outside the textbook — in sport, cooking, traffic, electronics or the sky above you. An example you found yourself is remembered far longer than one you were given.

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How to study James Israel in 20 minutes

Read the reference excerpt below once, without taking notes.
Close the page and write down what James Israel means in your own words.
Compare your version with the excerpt and mark what you missed.
Work through the three examples above with pen and paper.
Explain James Israel out loud to somebody else — or to Teacher Smith in the lgStudy chat.

Frequently asked questions

What is James Israel in simple terms?

James Adolf Israel (2 February 1848 – 2 February 1926) was a German surgeon. Academic background Israel was a native of Berlin, where he was born to Jewish parents.

Why does James Israel matter?

Because it connects several biology ideas at once: it gives you a definition you can apply, a quantity you can calculate, and a way to check whether a result is plausible.

How should I study James Israel?

Read the excerpt, restate it from memory, then work through the examples and applications listed on this page. The five-step study plan above takes about twenty minutes.

What does this page cover?

It gives you a compact reference excerpt plus original lgStudy explanations, examples, applications and study material on James Israel.