biology

James Johnstone (biologist)

James Johnstone (biologist) is a biology topic covered in the lgStudy science library. This page brings together a partial reference excerpt, illustrations, worked examples, real-world applications and a short study plan, so you can understand James Johnstone (biologist) rather than just read about it. In short: James Johnstone (born 17 January 1870 in Beith, Ayrshire – died 1932 in Liverpool) was a Scottish biologist and oceanographer. His studies focused on the food chain in marine ecosystems.

Key takeaways

James Johnstone (biologist) belongs to biology; place it in that map before memorising details.
Learn the definition first, then one example that makes the definition concrete.
Connect James Johnstone (biologist) to a quantity you can measure, compute or draw — that is where exam questions come from.
Reproduce the core statement of James Johnstone (biologist) from memory before moving on to harder problems.

Reference excerpt

James Johnstone (born 17 January 1870 in Beith, Ayrshire – died 1932 in Liverpool) was a Scottish biologist and oceanographer. His studies focused on the food chain in marine ecosystems.

Biography Johnstone began his working life as an apprentice woodcarver in Lochwinnoch, but rose to become professor at the University of Liverpool heading the chair of oceanography which had been created in 1919 by professor William Abbott Herdman and his wife. James Johnstone a had this responsibility from 1920 to 1932 James Johnstone was a founding member of the Society for Experimental Biology (SEB). He was also active in creating the British Journal of Experimental Biology (BJEB) being on the journal's editorial board. În 1929, the publication changed its name to Journal of Experimental Biology To honor his memory, a flatworm Rhipidocotyle johnstonei was named after James Johnstone.

Bibliography James Johnstone – British fisheries : their administration and their problems ; a short account of the origin and growth of British seafishery - London : Williams & Norgate, 1905. - XXXI, 350, 62 S. James Johnstone - Conditions of Life in the Sea. a short account of quantitative marine biological research – Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. 1908. . James Johnstone - Life in the sea - Cambridge, The University Press, 1911 Johnstone, James, The philosophy of biology Cambridge, University Press, 1914. James Johnstone – The Mechanism Of Life In Relation To Modern Physical Theory - 1921 Johnstone, James – An introduction to oceanography, with special reference to geography and geophysics - Liverpool, The University press of Liverpool; London, Hodder and Stoughton 1923. In this book, he first used the term trench in its modern sense for any marked, elongate depression of the sea bottom. James Johnstone – A Study of the Oceans – London, Edward Arnold & Co, 1930

References

Worked examples

Example 1 — a first encounter with James Johnstone (biologist)

Start with the simplest possible case. Write down what James Johnstone (biologist) claims or describes in one sentence, then invent the smallest concrete situation in which that sentence is true. In biology, the smallest case is usually a single object, a single equation or a single measurement. Check that every symbol or term in your sentence has a meaning in that case.

Example 2 — changing one variable

Take the situation from Example 1 and change exactly one quantity: double it, halve it, or set it to zero. Predict what should happen to James Johnstone (biologist) before you calculate. Comparing your prediction with the result is the fastest way to find out whether you understand the idea or only the words.

Example 3 — an exam-style question

Typical questions about James Johnstone (biologist) ask you to (a) state it precisely, (b) apply it to given data, and (c) explain a limitation. Practise writing all three answers in under five minutes; the third part is what separates a full-mark answer from an average one.

Applications of James Johnstone (biologist)

In research: James Johnstone (biologist) appears in biology research whenever the underlying quantities have to be modelled precisely. Papers usually cite it as a starting assumption and then explore where it breaks down.
In technology and industry: Engineering practice reuses James Johnstone (biologist) in design rules, simulations and safety margins. Knowing the idea lets you read a specification sheet and understand why the numbers look the way they do.
In the classroom: James Johnstone (biologist) is common in secondary-school and first-year university syllabi. It links to neighbouring topics 1870 births, 1932 deaths, Academics of the University of Liverpool, so understanding it makes those chapters shorter.
In everyday life: Look for James Johnstone (biologist) outside the textbook — in sport, cooking, traffic, electronics or the sky above you. An example you found yourself is remembered far longer than one you were given.

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How to study James Johnstone (biologist) in 20 minutes

Read the reference excerpt below once, without taking notes.
Close the page and write down what James Johnstone (biologist) means in your own words.
Compare your version with the excerpt and mark what you missed.
Work through the three examples above with pen and paper.
Explain James Johnstone (biologist) out loud to somebody else — or to Teacher Smith in the lgStudy chat.

Frequently asked questions

What is James Johnstone (biologist) in simple terms?

James Johnstone (born 17 January 1870 in Beith, Ayrshire – died 1932 in Liverpool) was a Scottish biologist and oceanographer. His studies focused on the food chain in marine ecosystems.

Why does James Johnstone (biologist) matter?

Because it connects several biology ideas at once: it gives you a definition you can apply, a quantity you can calculate, and a way to check whether a result is plausible.

How should I study James Johnstone (biologist)?

Read the excerpt, restate it from memory, then work through the examples and applications listed on this page. The five-step study plan above takes about twenty minutes.

What does this page cover?

It gives you a compact reference excerpt plus original lgStudy explanations, examples, applications and study material on James Johnstone (biologist).