astronomy

Jesse Prinz

Jesse Prinz is a astronomy topic covered in the lgStudy science library. This page brings together a partial reference excerpt, illustrations, worked examples, real-world applications and a short study plan, so you can understand Jesse Prinz rather than just read about it. In short: Jesse J. Prinz is an American philosopher who is Distinguished Professor of Philosophy and Director of the Committee for Interdisciplinary Science Studies at the CUNY Graduate Center.

Key takeaways

Jesse Prinz belongs to astronomy; place it in that map before memorising details.
Learn the definition first, then one example that makes the definition concrete.
Connect Jesse Prinz to a quantity you can measure, compute or draw — that is where exam questions come from.
Reproduce the core statement of Jesse Prinz from memory before moving on to harder problems.

Reference excerpt

Jesse J. Prinz is an American philosopher who is Distinguished Professor of Philosophy and Director of the Committee for Interdisciplinary Science Studies at the CUNY Graduate Center. Prinz works primarily in the philosophy of psychology and ethics and has authored several books and over 100 articles, addressing such topics as concepts, emotions, moral psychology, attention, consciousness, and aesthetics. Much of his work in these areas has been a defense of empiricism against psychological nativism, and he situates his work in the naturalistic tradition of philosophy associated with David Hume. Prinz is also an advocate of experimental philosophy.

Education and career Prinz took his Ph.D. at the University of Chicago under the direction of Murat Aydede, a philosopher of cognitive science. He taught previously at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and at Washington University in St. Louis, with visiting positions at University College London, California Institute of Technology, and University of Maryland, College Park.

Philosophical work

Theory of concepts Prinz has offered a renewed version of British Empiricists' (Locke and Hume) theories of concepts which treats concepts - not exclusively but mainly - as prototypes.

Philosophy of emotions Jesse Prinz has offered a "natural kinds" theory of emotions. According to him, an emotional experience is a bodily change that indicates situations in our environment that should concern us. When we encounter a stimulus that affects our well-being we experience a set of bodily changes that represent things like dangers, losses, and offenses. These bodily changes are appropriate to the situation and are learned over time through association to specific instances we have encountered in the past. They are felt, but oftentimes these feelings are not in the foreground of phenomenal consciousness. When we do pay attention to the feeling it then becomes an actual emotion. The set of possible feelings are limited by our biology and correspond roughly to our traditional emotional categories. The traditional emotions (anger, fear, etc.) have functional roles and are always related to objects and situations in the environment. They are always directed toward something (i.e. intentional), and these emotions have a particular bodily configuration that defines them. According to Prinz, there are six basic emotions, which are characterized by unique body patterns. The ‘big six’ emotions are actually subdivided into a biologically basic primitive stock of feelings that each culture classifies in different ways. For example, fear could be subdivided into worry (future dangers) and panic (present dangers), both of which spring the experiencing organism into action as an appropriate response to environmental stimulus. Likewise, happiness subdivides into sensory pleasure, satisfaction, and joy which each have specific bodily responses. Complex emotions such as despair, romantic love, and jealousy are recent (on an evolutionary timescale) additions to the breadth of possible affects that are also associations between our primitive stock of feelings and particular kinds of situations. Other homeostatic emotions such as hunger and fatigue are different in that they are states of the organism rather than relationships between it and its environment. According to this theory, when we encounter certain stimuli we experience a learned bodily change in response. These bodily-change stimuli, or elicitors, belong to what Prinz calls a mental file that is connected to one of our primitive stock of emotions through learning. These “elicitation files” can then trigger the relevant response previously associated with it. Throughout our lives new files can be created and new triggering conditions can be added to existing files. Similar files can become so closely related that triggers for one can also cause the other. However, these elicitation files should not be confused with the emotions themselves, but rather they are culturally calibrated triggers for our emotions. According to Prinz, affects are exhausted by the somatic feelings that are experienced. Emotions are only the feelings and not the causes or effects of those feelings. Each feeling is associated with a range of conditions and represents a response to the current situation being experienced.

Ethics and moral psychology Prinz also defends sentimentalism in ethics, and ethical relativism.

Books Furnishing the Mind: Concepts and Their Perceptual Basis (MIT: 2002) Gut Reactions: A Perceptual Theory of Emotion (OUP: 2004) The Emotional Construction of Morals (OUP: 2007) Beyond Human Nature (Penguin/Norton: 2012) The Conscious Brain (OUP: 2012)

Edited books The Handbook of Philosophy of Psychology. Oxford: Oxford University Press (forthcoming). Mind and Cognition, 3rd Edition (with William Lycan). Oxford: Blackwell (Blackwell: 2008) Section on 'Philosophy of Mind'. St. Cahn (ed.) Philosophy for the 21st Century. (OUP: 2002).

References

External links

Academic sources Prinz Personal Homepage Prinz archive on the CUNY Philosophy Commons Archived 2013-05-03 at the Wayback Machine Prinz's list of publications on PhilPapers

Media engagement Discussion of experimental philosophy on YouTube Video interview/discussion with Prinz and Will Wilkinson on Bloggingheads.tv The Moscow Center for Consciousness Studies video interview with Jesse Prinz Date palm compote interview with Prinz (Russian and English)

Worked examples

Example 1 — a first encounter with Jesse Prinz

Start with the simplest possible case. Write down what Jesse Prinz claims or describes in one sentence, then invent the smallest concrete situation in which that sentence is true. In astronomy, the smallest case is usually a single object, a single equation or a single measurement. Check that every symbol or term in your sentence has a meaning in that case.

Example 2 — changing one variable

Take the situation from Example 1 and change exactly one quantity: double it, halve it, or set it to zero. Predict what should happen to Jesse Prinz before you calculate. Comparing your prediction with the result is the fastest way to find out whether you understand the idea or only the words.

Example 3 — an exam-style question

Typical questions about Jesse Prinz ask you to (a) state it precisely, (b) apply it to given data, and (c) explain a limitation. Practise writing all three answers in under five minutes; the third part is what separates a full-mark answer from an average one.

Applications of Jesse Prinz

In research: Jesse Prinz appears in astronomy research whenever the underlying quantities have to be modelled precisely. Papers usually cite it as a starting assumption and then explore where it breaks down.
In technology and industry: Engineering practice reuses Jesse Prinz in design rules, simulations and safety margins. Knowing the idea lets you read a specification sheet and understand why the numbers look the way they do.
In the classroom: Jesse Prinz is common in secondary-school and first-year university syllabi. It links to neighbouring topics 21st-century American philosophers, Academics of University College London, American moral psychologists, so understanding it makes those chapters shorter.
In everyday life: Look for Jesse Prinz outside the textbook — in sport, cooking, traffic, electronics or the sky above you. An example you found yourself is remembered far longer than one you were given.

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How to study Jesse Prinz in 20 minutes

Read the reference excerpt below once, without taking notes.
Close the page and write down what Jesse Prinz means in your own words.
Compare your version with the excerpt and mark what you missed.
Work through the three examples above with pen and paper.
Explain Jesse Prinz out loud to somebody else — or to Teacher Smith in the lgStudy chat.

Frequently asked questions

What is Jesse Prinz in simple terms?

Jesse J. Prinz is an American philosopher who is Distinguished Professor of Philosophy and Director of the Committee for Interdisciplinary Science Studies at the CUNY Graduate Center.

Why does Jesse Prinz matter?

Because it connects several astronomy ideas at once: it gives you a definition you can apply, a quantity you can calculate, and a way to check whether a result is plausible.

How should I study Jesse Prinz?

Read the excerpt, restate it from memory, then work through the examples and applications listed on this page. The five-step study plan above takes about twenty minutes.

What does this page cover?

It gives you a compact reference excerpt plus original lgStudy explanations, examples, applications and study material on Jesse Prinz.