science

Johan Lange

Johan Lange is a science topic covered in the lgStudy science library. This page brings together a partial reference excerpt, illustrations, worked examples, real-world applications and a short study plan, so you can understand Johan Lange rather than just read about it. In short: Johan Martin Christian Lange (20 March 1818 – 3 April 1898) was a prominent Danish botanist. He held the post of Librarian at the Botanical library of the University of Copenhagen from 1851 to 1858.

Key takeaways

Johan Lange belongs to science; place it in that map before memorising details.
Learn the definition first, then one example that makes the definition concrete.
Connect Johan Lange to a quantity you can measure, compute or draw — that is where exam questions come from.
Reproduce the core statement of Johan Lange from memory before moving on to harder problems.

Reference excerpt

Johan Martin Christian Lange (20 March 1818 – 3 April 1898) was a prominent Danish botanist. He held the post of Librarian at the Botanical library of the University of Copenhagen from 1851 to 1858. He was Director of the Botanical Garden there from 1856 to 1876, the Reader of botany at the Danish Technical University from 1857 to 1862, and Reader of Botany at the Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University from 1858 to 1893, achieving full professor standing in 1892. He began editing the Flora Danica in 1858, and was its last editor. Together with Japetus Steenstrup, Johan Lange was the publisher of Flora Danica fasc. 44 (1858). Thereafter, he edited alone fasc. 45-51 (1861–83) and Supplement vols 2-3 (1865–74), in total 600 plates. After having finished the publication of Flora Danica, he issued Nomenclator Floræ Danicæ in 1887 - a volume indexing all planches in Flora Danica alphabetically, systematically and chronologically. Lange edited the exsiccata Plantae Europae australis 1851-52. He travelled throughout Europe, completing extensive studies on the flora of Denmark, Greenland and other European countries, especially Spain. (Willkomm & Lange, Prodromus Florae Hispanicae, 1861–80). He expanded on the classification developed by Linnaeus, writing Plantenavne og navngivningsregler (Plant-names and rules for name-giving) which was influential in developing the Code of Botanical Nomenclature, the system in use today. Charles Darwin borrowed a book written by Lange, which he failed to return in a timely manner, as mentioned by Darwin in his correspondence. [1] He is honoured in the naming of a fungal genus in 1891, Willkommlangea (jointly with Heinrich Moritz Willkomm (1821-1895), who was a German academic and botanist).

Partial list of publications Moritz Willkomm and Johan Lange (1861–1880). Prodromus florae hispanicae, seu synopsis methodica omnium plantarum in Hispania. Icones plantarum sponte nascentium in regnis Daniae et Norvegiae, in ducatibus Slesvici et Holsatiae et in comitatibus Oldenburgi et Delmenhorstiae: (Pictures of the plants growing wild in the kingdoms of Denmark and Norway, in the duchy of Schleswig-Holstein, and in the principalities of Oldenburg and Delmenhorst) Beretning om Universitetets botaniske Have for Aarene 1867-68. 1870. Beretning om Universitetets botaniske Have for Aarene 1871-73. 1874. Conspectus florae groenlandicae: Grønlands mosser (Muscineae) (Overview of the mosses of Greenland) Conspectus florae groenlandicae: 1. Fanerogamer og karsporeplanter (Overview of the vascular plants of Greenland) Conspectus florae groenlandicae: Tillæg til fanerogamerne og karsporeplanterne (Overview of the plants of Greenland, Supplement to vascular plants) Descriptio iconibus ilustrata plantarum novarum. 1864–1866. Flora Danica Haandbog i den danske flora. 1851. Nomenclator "Florae Danicae;" sive, Index systematicus et alphabeticus operis quod "Icones florae Danicae" inscribitur, cum enumeratione tabularum ordinem temporum habente, adiectis notis criticis. 1887. Pugillus plantarum imprimis Hispanicarum, quas in itinere 1851-52 legit Joh. Lange. "Udvalg af de i Universitetets botaniske og andre Haver iagttagne nye Arter". Botanisk Tidsskrift. 19: 255–268. 1895. Revisio Specierum Generis Crataegi Imprimis Earum, Quae in Hortis Daniae Coluntur: Oversigt over de i Danmark Haardføre Arter af Hvidtyørn-Slaegten (Crataegus). Copenhagen: Lehmanns & Stages Forlag. 1897.

References

Johan Lange, Selected Publications Johan Lange, biography Darwin Correspondence Project

Illustrations

Worked examples

Example 1 — a first encounter with Johan Lange

Start with the simplest possible case. Write down what Johan Lange claims or describes in one sentence, then invent the smallest concrete situation in which that sentence is true. In science, the smallest case is usually a single object, a single equation or a single measurement. Check that every symbol or term in your sentence has a meaning in that case.

Example 2 — changing one variable

Take the situation from Example 1 and change exactly one quantity: double it, halve it, or set it to zero. Predict what should happen to Johan Lange before you calculate. Comparing your prediction with the result is the fastest way to find out whether you understand the idea or only the words.

Example 3 — an exam-style question

Typical questions about Johan Lange ask you to (a) state it precisely, (b) apply it to given data, and (c) explain a limitation. Practise writing all three answers in under five minutes; the third part is what separates a full-mark answer from an average one.

Applications of Johan Lange

In research: Johan Lange appears in science research whenever the underlying quantities have to be modelled precisely. Papers usually cite it as a starting assumption and then explore where it breaks down.
In technology and industry: Engineering practice reuses Johan Lange in design rules, simulations and safety margins. Knowing the idea lets you read a specification sheet and understand why the numbers look the way they do.
In the classroom: Johan Lange is common in secondary-school and first-year university syllabi. It links to neighbouring topics 1818 births, 1898 deaths, 19th-century Danish botanists, so understanding it makes those chapters shorter.
In everyday life: Look for Johan Lange outside the textbook — in sport, cooking, traffic, electronics or the sky above you. An example you found yourself is remembered far longer than one you were given.

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How to study Johan Lange in 20 minutes

Read the reference excerpt below once, without taking notes.
Close the page and write down what Johan Lange means in your own words.
Compare your version with the excerpt and mark what you missed.
Work through the three examples above with pen and paper.
Explain Johan Lange out loud to somebody else — or to Teacher Smith in the lgStudy chat.

Frequently asked questions

What is Johan Lange in simple terms?

Why does Johan Lange matter?

Because it connects several science ideas at once: it gives you a definition you can apply, a quantity you can calculate, and a way to check whether a result is plausible.

How should I study Johan Lange?

Read the excerpt, restate it from memory, then work through the examples and applications listed on this page. The five-step study plan above takes about twenty minutes.

What does this page cover?

It gives you a compact reference excerpt plus original lgStudy explanations, examples, applications and study material on Johan Lange.