science

Johannes Gottfried Hallier

Johannes Gottfried Hallier is a science topic covered in the lgStudy science library. This page brings together a partial reference excerpt, illustrations, worked examples, real-world applications and a short study plan, so you can understand Johannes Gottfried Hallier rather than just read about it. In short: Johannes (Hans) Gottfried Hallier (6 July 1868 – 10 March 1932) was a German botanist born in Jena. He studied botany and zoology at the University of Jena under Christian Ernst Stahl (1848–1919) and Ernst Haeckel (1834–1919), and continued his studies at the Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München under Ludwig Radlkofer (1829–1927) and Richard Hertwig (1850–1937).

Key takeaways

Johannes Gottfried Hallier belongs to science; place it in that map before memorising details.
Learn the definition first, then one example that makes the definition concrete.
Connect Johannes Gottfried Hallier to a quantity you can measure, compute or draw — that is where exam questions come from.
Reproduce the core statement of Johannes Gottfried Hallier from memory before moving on to harder problems.

Reference excerpt

Johannes (Hans) Gottfried Hallier (6 July 1868 – 10 March 1932) was a German botanist born in Jena. He studied botany and zoology at the University of Jena under Christian Ernst Stahl (1848–1919) and Ernst Haeckel (1834–1919), and continued his studies at the Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München under Ludwig Radlkofer (1829–1927) and Richard Hertwig (1850–1937). From 1893 until 1897, he was based at the Buitenzorg Botanical Garden in Java. In 1894, Hallier became the second European to climb Mount Kelam (after a certain Dr. Gürtler) and the first to collect specimens of the pitcher plant Nepenthes clipeata. He ascended the summit 5 times in January and February of that year. After his return to Germany, he served as an assistant at the Botanical Institute at the Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München. Beginning in 1898, Hallier worked at the Botanical Museum in Hamburg. From 1903 to 1904 he took part in a scientific expedition to India, Ceylon and Maritime Southeast Asia. From 1908 to 1922, Hallier was a curator at the Rijksherbarium in Leiden. He died on 10 March 1932 in Oegstgeest, Netherlands. He is credited for introducing a phylogenetic classification of flowering plants that became known as the "Hallier system". He published several works on the botany of the Dutch East Indies (now Indonesia), including treatises on the flora of Borneo. Hallier is commemorated in the scientific name of a species of lizard, Tytthoscincus hallieri.

Selected writings Indonesische Acanthaceen, 1897 - Acanthaceae native to Indonesia. (in German). Die indonesischen Aeschynanthusarten des Herbariums zu Buitenzorg, 1897 - Indonesian Aeschynanthus types from the Buitenzorg herbaria. (in German). Zur Convolvulaceenflora Amerika's, 1899 - American Convolvulaceae. (in German). Neue Vorschläge zur botanischen Nomenklatur, 1905 - New proposal involving botanical nomenclature. (in German).

References

Bibliography

Source Parts of this article are based on a translation of an equivalent article at the German Wikipedia.

External links IPNI List of plants described & co-described by Hallier.

Worked examples

Example 1 — a first encounter with Johannes Gottfried Hallier

Start with the simplest possible case. Write down what Johannes Gottfried Hallier claims or describes in one sentence, then invent the smallest concrete situation in which that sentence is true. In science, the smallest case is usually a single object, a single equation or a single measurement. Check that every symbol or term in your sentence has a meaning in that case.

Example 2 — changing one variable

Take the situation from Example 1 and change exactly one quantity: double it, halve it, or set it to zero. Predict what should happen to Johannes Gottfried Hallier before you calculate. Comparing your prediction with the result is the fastest way to find out whether you understand the idea or only the words.

Example 3 — an exam-style question

Typical questions about Johannes Gottfried Hallier ask you to (a) state it precisely, (b) apply it to given data, and (c) explain a limitation. Practise writing all three answers in under five minutes; the third part is what separates a full-mark answer from an average one.

Applications of Johannes Gottfried Hallier

In research: Johannes Gottfried Hallier appears in science research whenever the underlying quantities have to be modelled precisely. Papers usually cite it as a starting assumption and then explore where it breaks down.
In technology and industry: Engineering practice reuses Johannes Gottfried Hallier in design rules, simulations and safety margins. Knowing the idea lets you read a specification sheet and understand why the numbers look the way they do.
In the classroom: Johannes Gottfried Hallier is common in secondary-school and first-year university syllabi. It links to neighbouring topics 1868 births, 1932 deaths, 19th-century German botanists, so understanding it makes those chapters shorter.
In everyday life: Look for Johannes Gottfried Hallier outside the textbook — in sport, cooking, traffic, electronics or the sky above you. An example you found yourself is remembered far longer than one you were given.

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How to study Johannes Gottfried Hallier in 20 minutes

Read the reference excerpt below once, without taking notes.
Close the page and write down what Johannes Gottfried Hallier means in your own words.
Compare your version with the excerpt and mark what you missed.
Work through the three examples above with pen and paper.
Explain Johannes Gottfried Hallier out loud to somebody else — or to Teacher Smith in the lgStudy chat.

Frequently asked questions

What is Johannes Gottfried Hallier in simple terms?

Why does Johannes Gottfried Hallier matter?

Because it connects several science ideas at once: it gives you a definition you can apply, a quantity you can calculate, and a way to check whether a result is plausible.

How should I study Johannes Gottfried Hallier?

Read the excerpt, restate it from memory, then work through the examples and applications listed on this page. The five-step study plan above takes about twenty minutes.

What does this page cover?

It gives you a compact reference excerpt plus original lgStudy explanations, examples, applications and study material on Johannes Gottfried Hallier.