astronomy

Johannes Reinke

Johannes Reinke is a astronomy topic covered in the lgStudy science library. This page brings together a partial reference excerpt, illustrations, worked examples, real-world applications and a short study plan, so you can understand Johannes Reinke rather than just read about it. In short: Johannes Reinke (February 3, 1849 – February 25, 1931) was a German botanist and philosopher, born in Ziethen, Lauenburg. He is remembered for his research of benthic marine algae.

Key takeaways

Johannes Reinke belongs to astronomy; place it in that map before memorising details.
Learn the definition first, then one example that makes the definition concrete.
Connect Johannes Reinke to a quantity you can measure, compute or draw — that is where exam questions come from.
Reproduce the core statement of Johannes Reinke from memory before moving on to harder problems.

Reference excerpt

Johannes Reinke (February 3, 1849 – February 25, 1931) was a German botanist and philosopher, born in Ziethen, Lauenburg. He is remembered for his research of benthic marine algae.

Academic background Reinke studied botany with his father from the age of eight. Reinke studied theology at Rostock, but his focus later changed to botany. In 1879 he became a professor of botany at the University of Göttingen, where he established the institute of plant physiology. From 1885 until 1921, he was a professor at the University of Kiel. Reinke was a co-founder of the Deutsche Botanische Gesellschaft.

Contributions Reinke had a keen interest in the systematics, developmental cycles, cytology and physiology of brown algae. From 1888 to 1892, he published a number of articles on marine algae from the North and Baltic Seas — in regards to the Baltic, he described several new genera of algae. He also published works on the algal families Tilopteridaceae (1889) and Sphacelariaceae (1890). Furthermore, he postulated that the encrusting algae genus called Aglaozonia was a stage in the life history of Cutleria. He has been credited for being the first to use the word soralia to refer to the propagule-producing area in lichens in an 1895 publication, introducing a term still in common use. Reinkella, a genus of lichenized fungi in the family Roccellaceae, was named in his honour in 1897. Reinke was a proponent of scientific "neo-vitalism", and a critic of the Darwinian theory of evolution. Opposing the secularization of science, Reinke, along with his Lutheran friend Eberhard Dennert, founded the Keplerbund ("Kepler Association") in 1907. They opposed Haeckel's Monist League, which aimed to "replace" German churches with the evolutionary theory as a secular religion, and attempted to create a branch of popular science grounded in the Christian belief. In 1901 he introduced the term "theoretical biology" to define biology from a standpoint of concepts and theories, and to differentiate it from traditional "empirical biology". Reinke attempted to explain the process of biological change through a concept of morphogenesis and genetic regulation he referred to as the "Dominanten" theory. Among his written works was a book that discussed the relationship of philosophy and religion to science. He died in Preetz.

Selected publications Entwicklungsgeschichtliche Untersuchungen über die Dictyotaceen des Golfs von Neapel. Nova Acta Academiae Caesareae Leopoldino-Carolinae Germanicae naturae curiosorum, Bd. 40, 1 (1878) * Lehrbuch der allgemeinen Botanik, (Historical research into the development of Dictyotaceae from the Gulf of Naples), 1880 Lehrbuch der allgemeinen Botanik (Textbook of general botany), 1880 Atlas deutscher Meeresalgen (Atlas of German marine algae), 1889 and 1891 Einleitung in der theoretische Biologie (Introduction to theoretical biology), 1901, second edition 1910. Philosophie der Botanik (Philosophy of botany), 1905 Haeckels Monismus und seine Freunde – ein freies Wort für freie Wissenschaft (Haeckel's monism and allies, a free word for free science), 1907 Die Kunst der Weltanschauung (The Art of Belief), 1911 Kritik der Abstammungslehre (Critique of the theory of evolution), 1920 Naturwissenschaft, Weltanschauung, Religion, (Science, philosophy, religion), 1923 Das dynamische Weltbild (The dynamic world view), 1926 Wissemann, Volker (2012). Johannes Reinke: Leben und Werk eines lutherischen Botanikers. Volume 26 of Religion, Theologie und Naturwissenschaft / Religion, Theology, and Natural Science. Vandenhoeck & Ruprech. ISBN 3525570201, 9783525570203

References

Wissemann, V (2006). "Johannes Reinke (1839-1931) and his "Dominanten" theory--an early concept of gene regulation and morphogenesis". Theory in Biosciences = Theorie in den Biowissenschaften. 124 (3–4): 397–400. Bibcode:2006ThBio.124..397W. doi:10.1016/j.thbio.2005.11.007. PMID 17046367. S2CID 21331493. List of publications copied from an article on Johannes Reinke at the German Wikipedia.

Illustrations

Johannes Reinke: Friedrich Berthold Reinke (right) with elder brother Johannes Reinke (left) — Friedrich Berthold Reinke (right) with elder brother Johannes Reinke (left)

Worked examples

Example 1 — a first encounter with Johannes Reinke

Start with the simplest possible case. Write down what Johannes Reinke claims or describes in one sentence, then invent the smallest concrete situation in which that sentence is true. In astronomy, the smallest case is usually a single object, a single equation or a single measurement. Check that every symbol or term in your sentence has a meaning in that case.

Example 2 — changing one variable

Take the situation from Example 1 and change exactly one quantity: double it, halve it, or set it to zero. Predict what should happen to Johannes Reinke before you calculate. Comparing your prediction with the result is the fastest way to find out whether you understand the idea or only the words.

Example 3 — an exam-style question

Typical questions about Johannes Reinke ask you to (a) state it precisely, (b) apply it to given data, and (c) explain a limitation. Practise writing all three answers in under five minutes; the third part is what separates a full-mark answer from an average one.

Applications of Johannes Reinke

In research: Johannes Reinke appears in astronomy research whenever the underlying quantities have to be modelled precisely. Papers usually cite it as a starting assumption and then explore where it breaks down.
In technology and industry: Engineering practice reuses Johannes Reinke in design rules, simulations and safety margins. Knowing the idea lets you read a specification sheet and understand why the numbers look the way they do.
In the classroom: Johannes Reinke is common in secondary-school and first-year university syllabi. It links to neighbouring topics 1849 births, 1931 deaths, 19th-century German botanists, so understanding it makes those chapters shorter.
In everyday life: Look for Johannes Reinke outside the textbook — in sport, cooking, traffic, electronics or the sky above you. An example you found yourself is remembered far longer than one you were given.

Affiliate

Preply — study more efficiently by working with a personal tutor. 50% off.

How to study Johannes Reinke in 20 minutes

Read the reference excerpt below once, without taking notes.
Close the page and write down what Johannes Reinke means in your own words.
Compare your version with the excerpt and mark what you missed.
Work through the three examples above with pen and paper.
Explain Johannes Reinke out loud to somebody else — or to Teacher Smith in the lgStudy chat.

Frequently asked questions

What is Johannes Reinke in simple terms?

Johannes Reinke (February 3, 1849 – February 25, 1931) was a German botanist and philosopher, born in Ziethen, Lauenburg. He is remembered for his research of benthic marine algae.

Why does Johannes Reinke matter?

Because it connects several astronomy ideas at once: it gives you a definition you can apply, a quantity you can calculate, and a way to check whether a result is plausible.

How should I study Johannes Reinke?

Read the excerpt, restate it from memory, then work through the examples and applications listed on this page. The five-step study plan above takes about twenty minutes.

What does this page cover?

It gives you a compact reference excerpt plus original lgStudy explanations, examples, applications and study material on Johannes Reinke.