engineering

John Clarke Hawkshaw

John Clarke Hawkshaw is a engineering topic covered in the lgStudy science library. This page brings together a partial reference excerpt, illustrations, worked examples, real-world applications and a short study plan, so you can understand John Clarke Hawkshaw rather than just read about it. In short: John Clarke Hawkshaw (7 August 1841 – 12 February 1921) was a British civil engineer. Biography Hawkshaw was born in Manchester, England in 1841 and was the son of civil engineer Sir John Hawkshaw and Lady Ann Hawkshaw.

Key takeaways

John Clarke Hawkshaw belongs to engineering; place it in that map before memorising details.
Learn the definition first, then one example that makes the definition concrete.
Connect John Clarke Hawkshaw to a quantity you can measure, compute or draw — that is where exam questions come from.
Reproduce the core statement of John Clarke Hawkshaw from memory before moving on to harder problems.

Reference excerpt

John Clarke Hawkshaw (7 August 1841 – 12 February 1921) was a British civil engineer.

Biography Hawkshaw was born in Manchester, England in 1841 and was the son of civil engineer Sir John Hawkshaw and Lady Ann Hawkshaw. He attended Westminster School and Trinity College, Cambridge, where he was president of the University Boat Club and rowed in the annual Boat Race against Oxford University in 1863 and 1864. On 9 December 1862 John Clarke Hawkshaw was commissioned as an ensign in the Third Cambridgeshire Rifle Volunteer Corps a Volunteer Force unit stationed at Cambridge University. He resigned his commission as ensign in the unit on 1 December 1863. Hawkshaw graduated with a Master of Arts degree and lived at Liphook in Hampshire. By 1876 Hawkshaw was a partner in his father's civil engineering firm. In March 1876 Hawkshaw was elected a member of the Smeatonian Society of Civil Engineers, an institution that he would become president of in 1889. He served as the 39th president of the Institution of Civil Engineers from November 1902 to November 1903. In holding that office he followed in the footsteps of his father who had been the 11th president from December 1861 to December 1863. The largest civil engineering project undertaken by the firm which was initiated by John Clarke Hawkshaw was the Puerto Madero docks in Buenos Aires, Argentina (1887–98). On 4 October 1884 Hawkshaw was appointed Lieutenant-Colonel in Command of the Engineer and Railway Staff Corps, an unpaid Royal Engineers volunteer unit which provides technical expertise to the British Army. He was granted the honorary rank of Colonel on 25 October 1902, and on 6 February 1903 received the Volunteer Officers' Decoration (VD), a reward for more than 20 years of volunteer military service. He continued as Lieutenant-Colonel in Command when the regiment became part of the Territorial Force on 1 April 1908. Hawkshaw also served as a Justice of the Peace. In 1903 he was appointed a member of the Royal Commission to decide the British submission to the Louisiana Purchase Exposition of 1904. Hawkshaw was married to Cicely Mary Wedgwood the daughter of Francis Wedgwood of the famous pottery firm. He died on 12 February 1921, Cicely had died on 6 September 1917.

References

Bibliography Watson, Garth (1988), The Civils, Thomas Telford Ltd, ISBN 0-7277-0392-7 Watson, Garth (1989), The Smeatonians: The Society of Civil Engineers, London: Thomas Telford Ltd, ISBN 0-7277-1526-7 UNKNOWN (1923). "Obituary. John Clarke Hawkshaw, Past-President, 1841–1921". Minutes of the Proceedings. 215 (1923): 341. doi:10.1680/imotp.1923.15718. Hawkshaw, J. C. (1875). "The Construction of the Albert Dock at Kingston-upon-Hull. (Includes Plates and Appendix)". Minutes of the Proceedings. 41 (1875): 92–113. doi:10.1680/imotp.1875.22677.

Illustrations

Worked examples

Example 1 — a first encounter with John Clarke Hawkshaw

Start with the simplest possible case. Write down what John Clarke Hawkshaw claims or describes in one sentence, then invent the smallest concrete situation in which that sentence is true. In engineering, the smallest case is usually a single object, a single equation or a single measurement. Check that every symbol or term in your sentence has a meaning in that case.

Example 2 — changing one variable

Take the situation from Example 1 and change exactly one quantity: double it, halve it, or set it to zero. Predict what should happen to John Clarke Hawkshaw before you calculate. Comparing your prediction with the result is the fastest way to find out whether you understand the idea or only the words.

Example 3 — an exam-style question

Typical questions about John Clarke Hawkshaw ask you to (a) state it precisely, (b) apply it to given data, and (c) explain a limitation. Practise writing all three answers in under five minutes; the third part is what separates a full-mark answer from an average one.

Applications of John Clarke Hawkshaw

In research: John Clarke Hawkshaw appears in engineering research whenever the underlying quantities have to be modelled precisely. Papers usually cite it as a starting assumption and then explore where it breaks down.
In technology and industry: Engineering practice reuses John Clarke Hawkshaw in design rules, simulations and safety margins. Knowing the idea lets you read a specification sheet and understand why the numbers look the way they do.
In the classroom: John Clarke Hawkshaw is common in secondary-school and first-year university syllabi. It links to neighbouring topics 1841 births, 1921 deaths, 19th-century British civil engineers, so understanding it makes those chapters shorter.
In everyday life: Look for John Clarke Hawkshaw outside the textbook — in sport, cooking, traffic, electronics or the sky above you. An example you found yourself is remembered far longer than one you were given.

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How to study John Clarke Hawkshaw in 20 minutes

Read the reference excerpt below once, without taking notes.
Close the page and write down what John Clarke Hawkshaw means in your own words.
Compare your version with the excerpt and mark what you missed.
Work through the three examples above with pen and paper.
Explain John Clarke Hawkshaw out loud to somebody else — or to Teacher Smith in the lgStudy chat.

Frequently asked questions

What is John Clarke Hawkshaw in simple terms?

John Clarke Hawkshaw (7 August 1841 – 12 February 1921) was a British civil engineer. Biography Hawkshaw was born in Manchester, England in 1841 and was the son of civil engineer Sir John Hawkshaw and Lady Ann Hawkshaw.

Why does John Clarke Hawkshaw matter?

Because it connects several engineering ideas at once: it gives you a definition you can apply, a quantity you can calculate, and a way to check whether a result is plausible.

How should I study John Clarke Hawkshaw?

Read the excerpt, restate it from memory, then work through the examples and applications listed on this page. The five-step study plan above takes about twenty minutes.

What does this page cover?

It gives you a compact reference excerpt plus original lgStudy explanations, examples, applications and study material on John Clarke Hawkshaw.