astronomy

John Eisenmann

John Eisenmann is a astronomy topic covered in the lgStudy science library. This page brings together a partial reference excerpt, illustrations, worked examples, real-world applications and a short study plan, so you can understand John Eisenmann rather than just read about it. In short: John Eisenmann (March 26, 1851 – January 6, 1924) was an architect in Cleveland, Ohio. As part of Eisenmann & Smith he designed the Cleveland Arcade in downtown Cleveland.

Key takeaways

John Eisenmann belongs to astronomy; place it in that map before memorising details.
Learn the definition first, then one example that makes the definition concrete.
Connect John Eisenmann to a quantity you can measure, compute or draw — that is where exam questions come from.
Reproduce the core statement of John Eisenmann from memory before moving on to harder problems.

Reference excerpt

John Eisenmann (March 26, 1851 – January 6, 1924) was an architect in Cleveland, Ohio. As part of Eisenmann & Smith he designed the Cleveland Arcade in downtown Cleveland. He also designed the Main building for Case School of Applied Science, present-day Case Western Reserve University, where he was also the school's first professor of civil engineering. He pioneered structural steel construction in the United States and is credited with co-designing Cleveland's Arcade, "the first commercial building in the state designated an historic landmark in architecture." Eisenmann is also credited with designing the flag of Ohio in 1901.

Early life Eisenmann was born March 26, 1851, in Detroit, Michigan, to Christian W. and Mary A. (Schubert) Eisenmann. He graduated from Monroe High School in Michigan. In 1871, he graduated from the University of Michigan with a degree in Civil Engineering, and was a member of the Xi Chapter of the Zeta Psi fraternity. From 1871 to 1875, Eisenmann worked as an assistant engineer for the United States Lake Survey for the Great Lakes. He then went to Europe to study architecture, studying first at the Royal School of Technology of Munich, Germany 1875–1876, graduating from the Technical School of Stuttgart, Germany, in 1877. From 1878 to 1879, he returned working for the United States Lake Survey. From 1879 to 1882, he then worked for the Mississippi River Commission. On April 5, 1882, John Eisenmann married Annie M. Theising.

Arcade The arcade was erected in 1890, at a cost of $867,000. It opened on Memorial Day (May 31, 1890) and is an example of Victorian architecture, consisting of two nine-story buildings joined by a five-story arcade. It includes a glass skylight spanning 300 feet (91 m) along the four balconies. The arcade is identified as the first indoor shopping mall in the United States. and was built by Detroit Bridge Co., run by Stephen V. Harkness. It is one of the few remaining arcades of its kind in the United States. Modeled after the Galleria Vittorio Emanuele II located in Milan, the Arcade comprises two nine-story towers with a skylight, 100 feet (30 m) high, made of 1,800 panes of glass spanning over 300 feet (91 m). The construction was financed by John D. Rockefeller, Marcus Hanna, Charles F. Brush and several other wealthy Clevelanders of the day. The Arcade was modified in 1939, with remodeling of the Euclid Avenue entrance and some structural supports added. The Arcade is a cross between a lighted court and a commercial shopping street, composed of three structures: two nine-story office buildings facing out to Euclid and Superior Avenues, connected via the five-story iron-and-glass-enclosed arcade. The Richardsonian arched entrance along Superior Avenue is original but the Euclid Avenue front was remodeled in 1939 by the firm of Walker and Weeks. Vertical lines of the columns rise nearly 100 feet (33 m) to the glass roof and create a spacious domed interior. In 2001, the Hyatt corporation redeveloped the Arcade into Cleveland's first Hyatt Regency hotel. The Hyatt Regency occupies the two towers and the top three floors of the atrium area. The two lower floors of the atrium area remain open to the public with retail merchants and a food court. In addition, the Hyatt's lobby and offices are located near the Superior Avenue entrance.

Projects

Cleveland Arcade with Eisenmann & Smith Case Main Building (1885), Case School of Applied Science in University Circle Cinecraft Productions (1898) (Cleveland Public Library West Side Branch - Carnegie System), 2515 Franklin Boulevard in Ohio City. Esmond Apartment Building (1898), 4806 Euclid Ave. Ohio Building at the 1901 Pan-American Exposition

References

External links John Eisenmann

Illustrations

Worked examples

Example 1 — a first encounter with John Eisenmann

Start with the simplest possible case. Write down what John Eisenmann claims or describes in one sentence, then invent the smallest concrete situation in which that sentence is true. In astronomy, the smallest case is usually a single object, a single equation or a single measurement. Check that every symbol or term in your sentence has a meaning in that case.

Example 2 — changing one variable

Take the situation from Example 1 and change exactly one quantity: double it, halve it, or set it to zero. Predict what should happen to John Eisenmann before you calculate. Comparing your prediction with the result is the fastest way to find out whether you understand the idea or only the words.

Example 3 — an exam-style question

Typical questions about John Eisenmann ask you to (a) state it precisely, (b) apply it to given data, and (c) explain a limitation. Practise writing all three answers in under five minutes; the third part is what separates a full-mark answer from an average one.

Applications of John Eisenmann

In research: John Eisenmann appears in astronomy research whenever the underlying quantities have to be modelled precisely. Papers usually cite it as a starting assumption and then explore where it breaks down.
In technology and industry: Engineering practice reuses John Eisenmann in design rules, simulations and safety margins. Knowing the idea lets you read a specification sheet and understand why the numbers look the way they do.
In the classroom: John Eisenmann is common in secondary-school and first-year university syllabi. It links to neighbouring topics 1851 births, 1924 deaths, Architects from Cleveland, so understanding it makes those chapters shorter.
In everyday life: Look for John Eisenmann outside the textbook — in sport, cooking, traffic, electronics or the sky above you. An example you found yourself is remembered far longer than one you were given.

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How to study John Eisenmann in 20 minutes

Read the reference excerpt below once, without taking notes.
Close the page and write down what John Eisenmann means in your own words.
Compare your version with the excerpt and mark what you missed.
Work through the three examples above with pen and paper.
Explain John Eisenmann out loud to somebody else — or to Teacher Smith in the lgStudy chat.

Frequently asked questions

What is John Eisenmann in simple terms?

John Eisenmann (March 26, 1851 – January 6, 1924) was an architect in Cleveland, Ohio. As part of Eisenmann & Smith he designed the Cleveland Arcade in downtown Cleveland.

Why does John Eisenmann matter?

Because it connects several astronomy ideas at once: it gives you a definition you can apply, a quantity you can calculate, and a way to check whether a result is plausible.

How should I study John Eisenmann?

Read the excerpt, restate it from memory, then work through the examples and applications listed on this page. The five-step study plan above takes about twenty minutes.

What does this page cover?

It gives you a compact reference excerpt plus original lgStudy explanations, examples, applications and study material on John Eisenmann.