astronomy

John G. Kidd

John G. Kidd is a astronomy topic covered in the lgStudy science library. This page brings together a partial reference excerpt, illustrations, worked examples, real-world applications and a short study plan, so you can understand John G. Kidd rather than just read about it. In short: John Graydon Kidd (July 20, 1908, Edgewood, Texas – January 28, 1991, Nacogdoches, Texas) was an American physician, pathologist, and virologist. Biography Kidd graduated in 1928 with an A.B. from Duke University and in 1932 with an M.D. from Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine.

Key takeaways

John G. Kidd belongs to astronomy; place it in that map before memorising details.
Learn the definition first, then one example that makes the definition concrete.
Connect John G. Kidd to a quantity you can measure, compute or draw — that is where exam questions come from.
Reproduce the core statement of John G. Kidd from memory before moving on to harder problems.

Reference excerpt

John Graydon Kidd (July 20, 1908, Edgewood, Texas – January 28, 1991, Nacogdoches, Texas) was an American physician, pathologist, and virologist.

Biography Kidd graduated in 1928 with an A.B. from Duke University and in 1932 with an M.D. from Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine. From 1932 to 1934 he was a medical intern and assistant resident physician at Detroit's Henry Ford Hospital. In 1934 he became an assistant in pathology and bacteriology at Manhattan's Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research. There he was promoted to associate in 1938 and to associate member in 1942. In 1944 he resigned from the Rockefeller Institute and became the pathologist-in-chief and chair of the pathology department at the New York Hospital-Cornell Medical Center (now called the Weill Cornell Medical Center). He retired from the hospital in 1964 but continued his research and teaching at Cornell University before retiring as professor emeritus of pathology in 1975. In his last years he lived with his wife in Center, Texas. He did research on oncoviruses and the serology of tumors and experimental pathology of cancer. He discovered that a constituent in the blood of guinea pigs could cure laboratory mice in some cases of experimentally-induced tumors. His discovery led to the identification and use of the enzyme asparaginase in chemotherapy against some forms of cancer, specifically, acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and lymphoblastic lymphoma (LBL). He frequently collaborated with Peyton Rous. Kidd received in 1939 the Eli Lilly and Company-Elanco Research Award. He was elected in 1946 a fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science. In 1973, he was the recipient of the prestigious ASIP gold-headed cane award. In 1930 he married Maudine Adams (1910–1997). Upon his death, he was survived by his widow, two sons, two daughters, five grandchildren, and one great-grandchild.

Selected publications Rous, Peyton; Kidd, John G. (1936). "The Carcinogenic Effect of a Virus Upon Tarred Skin". Science. 83 (2159): 468–469. Bibcode:1936Sci....83..468R. doi:10.1126/science.83.2159.468. PMID 17796848. Rous, Peyton; Kidd, John G. (1938). "The Carcinogenic Effect of a Papilloma Virus on the Tarred Skin of Rabbits". Journal of Experimental Medicine. 67 (3): 399–428. doi:10.1084/jem.67.3.399. PMC 2180321. PMID 19870729. Rous, Peyton; Kidd, John G. (1939). "A Comparison of Virus-Induced Rabbit Tumors with the Tumors of Unknown Cause Elicited by Tarring". Journal of Experimental Medicine. 69 (3): 399–424. doi:10.1084/jem.69.3.399. PMC 2133741. PMID 19870854. Kidd, John G.; Rous, Peyton (1940). "A Transplantable Rabbit Carcinoma Originating in a Virus-Induced Papilloma and Containing the Virus in Masked or Altered Form". Journal of Experimental Medicine. 71 (6): 813–838. doi:10.1084/jem.71.6.813. PMC 2135106. PMID 19871000. Rous, Peyton; Kidd, John G. (1941). "Conditional Neoplasms and Subthreshold Neoplastic States". Journal of Experimental Medicine. 73 (3): 365–390. doi:10.1084/jem.73.3.365. PMC 2135131. PMID 19871084. Rous, Peyton; Kidd, John G.; Smith, William E. (1952). "Experiments on the Cause of the Rabbit Carcinomas Derived from Virus-Induced Papillomas". Journal of Experimental Medicine. 96 (2): 159–174. doi:10.1084/jem.96.2.159. PMC 2136136. PMID 14955572. Kalfayan, Bernard; Kidd, John G. (1953). "Structural Changes Produced in Brown-Pearce Carcinoma Cells by Means of a Specific Antibody and Complement". Journal of Experimental Medicine. 97 (1): 145–162. doi:10.1084/jem.97.1.145. PMC 2136188. PMID 13022870. Kidd, John G. (1953). "Regression of Transplanted Lymphomas Induced in Vivo by Means of Normal Guinea Pig Serum". Journal of Experimental Medicine. 98 (6): 565–582. doi:10.1084/jem.98.6.565. PMC 2136344. PMID 13109110.

References

Worked examples

Example 1 — a first encounter with John G. Kidd

Start with the simplest possible case. Write down what John G. Kidd claims or describes in one sentence, then invent the smallest concrete situation in which that sentence is true. In astronomy, the smallest case is usually a single object, a single equation or a single measurement. Check that every symbol or term in your sentence has a meaning in that case.

Example 2 — changing one variable

Take the situation from Example 1 and change exactly one quantity: double it, halve it, or set it to zero. Predict what should happen to John G. Kidd before you calculate. Comparing your prediction with the result is the fastest way to find out whether you understand the idea or only the words.

Example 3 — an exam-style question

Typical questions about John G. Kidd ask you to (a) state it precisely, (b) apply it to given data, and (c) explain a limitation. Practise writing all three answers in under five minutes; the third part is what separates a full-mark answer from an average one.

Applications of John G. Kidd

In research: John G. Kidd appears in astronomy research whenever the underlying quantities have to be modelled precisely. Papers usually cite it as a starting assumption and then explore where it breaks down.
In technology and industry: Engineering practice reuses John G. Kidd in design rules, simulations and safety margins. Knowing the idea lets you read a specification sheet and understand why the numbers look the way they do.
In the classroom: John G. Kidd is common in secondary-school and first-year university syllabi. It links to neighbouring topics 1908 births, 1991 deaths, 20th-century American medical doctors, so understanding it makes those chapters shorter.
In everyday life: Look for John G. Kidd outside the textbook — in sport, cooking, traffic, electronics or the sky above you. An example you found yourself is remembered far longer than one you were given.

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How to study John G. Kidd in 20 minutes

Read the reference excerpt below once, without taking notes.
Close the page and write down what John G. Kidd means in your own words.
Compare your version with the excerpt and mark what you missed.
Work through the three examples above with pen and paper.
Explain John G. Kidd out loud to somebody else — or to Teacher Smith in the lgStudy chat.

Frequently asked questions

What is John G. Kidd in simple terms?

John Graydon Kidd (July 20, 1908, Edgewood, Texas – January 28, 1991, Nacogdoches, Texas) was an American physician, pathologist, and virologist. Biography Kidd graduated in 1928 with an A.B. from Duke University and in 1932 with an M.D. from Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine.

Why does John G. Kidd matter?

Because it connects several astronomy ideas at once: it gives you a definition you can apply, a quantity you can calculate, and a way to check whether a result is plausible.

How should I study John G. Kidd?

Read the excerpt, restate it from memory, then work through the examples and applications listed on this page. The five-step study plan above takes about twenty minutes.

What does this page cover?

It gives you a compact reference excerpt plus original lgStudy explanations, examples, applications and study material on John G. Kidd.