science

John Lazarus (missionary)

John Lazarus (missionary) is a science topic covered in the lgStudy science library. This page brings together a partial reference excerpt, illustrations, worked examples, real-world applications and a short study plan, so you can understand John Lazarus (missionary) rather than just read about it. In short: John Lazarus (1845–1925) was a Christian missionary to India who rendered the Tirukkural into English. He revised the work of his predecessor William Henry Drew, who had already translated the first 63 chapters (out of the total of 133 chapters) of the Tirukkural, and translated the remaining portion of the Kural text.

Key takeaways

John Lazarus (missionary) belongs to science; place it in that map before memorising details.
Learn the definition first, then one example that makes the definition concrete.
Connect John Lazarus (missionary) to a quantity you can measure, compute or draw — that is where exam questions come from.
Reproduce the core statement of John Lazarus (missionary) from memory before moving on to harder problems.

Reference excerpt

John Lazarus (1845–1925) was a Christian missionary to India who rendered the Tirukkural into English. He revised the work of his predecessor William Henry Drew, who had already translated the first 63 chapters (out of the total of 133 chapters) of the Tirukkural, and translated the remaining portion of the Kural text.

Work John Lazarus completed his graduation from the University of Madras. His first work was in 1878 when he published Nannul, a grammatical text, with an English translation meant for students. However, scholars consider his Tirukkural translation of chapters 64 through 133 (furthering the work of William Henry Drew) in 1885 A Dictionary of Tamil Proverbs with Introduction, Notes, Texts and Translation in 1894 as his greatest contributions to the Tamil literature. His Tirukkural work made him the first person to render into English prose the chapters 64 through 133 of the Kural text. The Dictionary of Tamil Proverbs contained 10,000 proverbs which remains the most complete collection ever made. Being a Christian missionary, Lazarus, too, like G. U. Pope, initially claimed that Valluvar's ideas were partly influenced by Christianity. However, he later denied Pope's claim by saying the Kural portrays no traces of distinctively Christian ideas. None of the ten epithets by which God is described in the introductory chapters of the Kural text have the remotest connection with the concept of God as designated in the Bible. John Lazarus observes that, in stark contrast to the Bible's concept of killing, which refers only to the taking away of human life, the Kural's concept of killing pertains to both humans and animals as it "deals exclusively with the literal taking away of life". Kamil Zvelebil endorses this saying that the chapter of the Kural text on "non-killing" (chapter 33) deals exclusively with the literal taking away of life, without ambiguity, which suggest that the ethics of the Kural is rather a reflection of the Jaina moral code than of Christian ethics.

Illustrations

Worked examples

Example 1 — a first encounter with John Lazarus (missionary)

Start with the simplest possible case. Write down what John Lazarus (missionary) claims or describes in one sentence, then invent the smallest concrete situation in which that sentence is true. In science, the smallest case is usually a single object, a single equation or a single measurement. Check that every symbol or term in your sentence has a meaning in that case.

Example 2 — changing one variable

Take the situation from Example 1 and change exactly one quantity: double it, halve it, or set it to zero. Predict what should happen to John Lazarus (missionary) before you calculate. Comparing your prediction with the result is the fastest way to find out whether you understand the idea or only the words.

Example 3 — an exam-style question

Typical questions about John Lazarus (missionary) ask you to (a) state it precisely, (b) apply it to given data, and (c) explain a limitation. Practise writing all three answers in under five minutes; the third part is what separates a full-mark answer from an average one.

Applications of John Lazarus (missionary)

In research: John Lazarus (missionary) appears in science research whenever the underlying quantities have to be modelled precisely. Papers usually cite it as a starting assumption and then explore where it breaks down.
In technology and industry: Engineering practice reuses John Lazarus (missionary) in design rules, simulations and safety margins. Knowing the idea lets you read a specification sheet and understand why the numbers look the way they do.
In the classroom: John Lazarus (missionary) is common in secondary-school and first-year university syllabi. It links to neighbouring topics 1845 births, 1925 deaths, Christian missionaries in India, so understanding it makes those chapters shorter.
In everyday life: Look for John Lazarus (missionary) outside the textbook — in sport, cooking, traffic, electronics or the sky above you. An example you found yourself is remembered far longer than one you were given.

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How to study John Lazarus (missionary) in 20 minutes

Read the reference excerpt below once, without taking notes.
Close the page and write down what John Lazarus (missionary) means in your own words.
Compare your version with the excerpt and mark what you missed.
Work through the three examples above with pen and paper.
Explain John Lazarus (missionary) out loud to somebody else — or to Teacher Smith in the lgStudy chat.

Frequently asked questions

What is John Lazarus (missionary) in simple terms?

Why does John Lazarus (missionary) matter?

Because it connects several science ideas at once: it gives you a definition you can apply, a quantity you can calculate, and a way to check whether a result is plausible.

How should I study John Lazarus (missionary)?

Read the excerpt, restate it from memory, then work through the examples and applications listed on this page. The five-step study plan above takes about twenty minutes.

What does this page cover?

It gives you a compact reference excerpt plus original lgStudy explanations, examples, applications and study material on John Lazarus (missionary).