biology

John Marshall (eye laser scientist)

John Marshall (eye laser scientist) is a biology topic covered in the lgStudy science library. This page brings together a partial reference excerpt, illustrations, worked examples, real-world applications and a short study plan, so you can understand John Marshall (eye laser scientist) rather than just read about it. In short: John Marshall (born 21 December 1943, Woking, England) is a British medical scientist and inventor. He is Emeritus Professor of Ophthalmology at the UCL Institute of Ophthalmology and at King's College London.

Key takeaways

John Marshall (eye laser scientist) belongs to biology; place it in that map before memorising details.
Learn the definition first, then one example that makes the definition concrete.
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Reproduce the core statement of John Marshall (eye laser scientist) from memory before moving on to harder problems.

Reference excerpt

John Marshall (born 21 December 1943, Woking, England) is a British medical scientist and inventor. He is Emeritus Professor of Ophthalmology at the UCL Institute of Ophthalmology and at King's College London. He is a pioneer of laser eye surgery.

Education Marshall's earliest years were in war torn London, prior to moving to St Pauls Cray near Orpington in Kent. He had primary tuberculosis as a child and spent some years away from the family in a variety of sanatoria and as a consequence was late starting school at the age of seven. He graduated with a BSc in Zoology from Sir John Cass College, London in 1965 and then began his 50-year career in eye research starting at the Institute of Ophthalmology. In 1968 he was awarded a PhD (Medicine anatomy) from the University of London for a thesis entitled "Laser-induced damage in the retina". His postgraduate supervisor was Kit Pedler, known for creating the cybermen of Doctor Who fame.

Career and research In 1983 he became Sembal Professor of Experimental Ophthalmology at the Institute of Ophthalmology then based in Judd Street, London. In 1991 he moved to St Thomas' Hospital, UMDS to become the Frost Professor of Ophthalmology, honorary consultant and Head of Department of Ophthalmology. He has published extensively in the field of ophthalmology, on a broad range of ocular problems. This has included age-related, diabetic and inherited retinal disease; lens and intraocular lens design, development of lasers for diagnosis and surgery, light and ageing, refractive surgery and problems of the vitreous and glaucoma. He produced and patented the revolutionary Excimer laser, the grandfather patent for corneal laser refractive surgery He also created the world's first Diode laser for treating eye problems of diabetes, glaucoma and ageing. He has sat on and chaired many national and international committees* concerned with protecting the public against the possible damaging effects of lasers and other artificial light sources and played a leading role with the ICRC and addressed the United Nations to successfully obtain a Geneva Convention banning the use of anti-personnel laser weapons. He is a frequent lecturer at international and national ophthalmology meetings and has successfully supervised 60 candidates for higher doctorate degrees.

*World Health Organisation (WHO), Non-ionizing Radiation Committee of the International Radiological Protection Association, International Electro-Technical Commission (IEC), British Standards Institution (BSI) European Community (EC), International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC), National Radiological Protection Board (NRPB), All Party Parliamentary Group on Refractive Surgery Marshall is also a past master and on the court of the Worshipful Company of Spectacle Makers, Trustee of the Frost Foundation, Trustee of Retina UK (formerly RP Fighting Blindness), Ambassador for Fight For Sight and Vice-president of the National Eye Research Center (now Sight Research UK).

Industry He has chaired and served on the Medical Advisory Boards of many companies in the field of ophthalmology, including Avellino, Avedro, Summitt Technology Inc, Intralase, Diomed and Ellex.

Inventor of excimer laser technology for refractive surgery which formed basis of patent portfolio for "Summit Technology", acquired by Alcon in 2000. In excess of 50 million procedures now having been undertaken worldwide. Co-inventor of world's first diode laser for ophthalmology and member of industrial design group that progressed device through to commercialisation (1988) Co-founder of Diomed, a UK company that was the world's largest supplier of diode laser devices for medical use. board member and Chairman of Medical Advisory Board until 1999. Co-inventor and founder member of Odyssey Optical Systems, a company formed to commercially exploit devices to image the interior of the eye. Co-inventor of hardware and optic disc recognition software used in a security-based biometric analysis for Retinal Technologies inc. Founder member of the Company. (2000, Optic disc biometric) Co-inventor Retinal rejuvenation –a new Laser treatment for early age related macular degeneration (AMD) and Diabetic Macular edema (DME) (2008) Co-inventor Diagnostic method and apparatus for predicting potential preserved visual acuity (2009) Co-inventor Eye therapy – the use of cross-linking agents on the cornea (2011)

… excerpt ends here. Continue reading the full article.

Illustrations

Worked examples

Example 1 — a first encounter with John Marshall (eye laser scientist)

Start with the simplest possible case. Write down what John Marshall (eye laser scientist) claims or describes in one sentence, then invent the smallest concrete situation in which that sentence is true. In biology, the smallest case is usually a single object, a single equation or a single measurement. Check that every symbol or term in your sentence has a meaning in that case.

Example 2 — changing one variable

Take the situation from Example 1 and change exactly one quantity: double it, halve it, or set it to zero. Predict what should happen to John Marshall (eye laser scientist) before you calculate. Comparing your prediction with the result is the fastest way to find out whether you understand the idea or only the words.

Example 3 — an exam-style question

Typical questions about John Marshall (eye laser scientist) ask you to (a) state it precisely, (b) apply it to given data, and (c) explain a limitation. Practise writing all three answers in under five minutes; the third part is what separates a full-mark answer from an average one.

Applications of John Marshall (eye laser scientist)

In research: John Marshall (eye laser scientist) appears in biology research whenever the underlying quantities have to be modelled precisely. Papers usually cite it as a starting assumption and then explore where it breaks down.
In technology and industry: Engineering practice reuses John Marshall (eye laser scientist) in design rules, simulations and safety margins. Knowing the idea lets you read a specification sheet and understand why the numbers look the way they do.
In the classroom: John Marshall (eye laser scientist) is common in secondary-school and first-year university syllabi. It links to neighbouring topics 1943 births, Academics of University College London, Alumni of Sir John Cass College, so understanding it makes those chapters shorter.
In everyday life: Look for John Marshall (eye laser scientist) outside the textbook — in sport, cooking, traffic, electronics or the sky above you. An example you found yourself is remembered far longer than one you were given.

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How to study John Marshall (eye laser scientist) in 20 minutes

Read the reference excerpt below once, without taking notes.
Close the page and write down what John Marshall (eye laser scientist) means in your own words.
Compare your version with the excerpt and mark what you missed.
Work through the three examples above with pen and paper.
Explain John Marshall (eye laser scientist) out loud to somebody else — or to Teacher Smith in the lgStudy chat.

Frequently asked questions

What is John Marshall (eye laser scientist) in simple terms?

Why does John Marshall (eye laser scientist) matter?

Because it connects several biology ideas at once: it gives you a definition you can apply, a quantity you can calculate, and a way to check whether a result is plausible.

How should I study John Marshall (eye laser scientist)?

Read the excerpt, restate it from memory, then work through the examples and applications listed on this page. The five-step study plan above takes about twenty minutes.

What does this page cover?

It gives you a compact reference excerpt plus original lgStudy explanations, examples, applications and study material on John Marshall (eye laser scientist).