astronomy

Judith F. Kroll

Judith F. Kroll is a astronomy topic covered in the lgStudy science library. This page brings together a partial reference excerpt, illustrations, worked examples, real-world applications and a short study plan, so you can understand Judith F. Kroll rather than just read about it. In short: Judith F. Kroll is an American psychologist who is a Distinguished Professor of Education at University of California, Irvine.

Key takeaways

Judith F. Kroll belongs to astronomy; place it in that map before memorising details.
Learn the definition first, then one example that makes the definition concrete.
Connect Judith F. Kroll to a quantity you can measure, compute or draw — that is where exam questions come from.
Reproduce the core statement of Judith F. Kroll from memory before moving on to harder problems.

Reference excerpt

Judith F. Kroll is an American psychologist who is a Distinguished Professor of Education at University of California, Irvine. She specializes in psycholinguistics, focusing on second language acquisition and bilingual language processing. With Randi Martin and Suparna Rajaram, Kroll co-founded the organization Women in Cognitive Science in 2001. She is a Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS), the American Psychological Association (APA), the Psychonomic Society, the Society of Experimental Psychologists, and the Association for Psychological Science (APS).

Biography Judith Kroll received an A.B. (1970) in Psychology with a minor in Mathematics from New York University. She completed an M.A. (1972) and PhD (1977) in Cognitive Psychology at Brandeis University, supervised by Maurice Hershenson. Kroll held faculty positions at Swarthmore College (1977-1978), Rutgers University (1978-1981) and Mount Holyoke College (1981-1994), prior to moving to Pennsylvania State University (1994-2016), where she directed the Center for Language Science. Kroll moved her lab to University of California, Riverside (UCR) in 2016 and then to University of California, Irvine (UCI) in 2019. With colleagues from UCR and Penn State, she is Co-Principal Investigator of a Partnerships for International Research and Education (PIRE) grant to provide training for language scientists to pursue research on bilingualism. Kroll is married to David A. Rosenbaum, a professor of psychology at UCR.

Research Kroll's research program examines the cognitive processes underlying bilingualism. Her research has been supported by The National Science Foundation (NSF) and The National Institutes of Health (NIH). With Annette de Groot, she co-edited the Handbook of Bilingualism: Psycholinguistic Approaches. In 2013, Kroll was awarded a Guggenheim Fellowship to conduct research exploring how learning a second language and becoming a bilingual person impacts processing of one's native language. One of Kroll's research foci has to do with language selection in bilingual speech. She discovered that when one language is spoken, both languages are active.

Select publications Kroll, J. F., & Bialystok, E. (2013). Understanding the consequences of bilingualism for language processing and cognition. Journal of Cognitive Psychology, 25(5), 497–514. Kroll, J. F., Bobb, S. C., & Wodniecka, Z. (2006). Language selectivity is the exception, not the rule: Arguments against a fixed locus of language selection in bilingual speech. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 9(2), 119–135. Kroll, J. F., Michael, E., Tokowicz, N., & Dufour, R. (2002). The development of lexical fluency in a second language. Second language Research, 18(2), 137–171. Kroll, J. F., & Potter, M. C. (1984). Recognizing words, pictures, and concepts: A comparison of lexical, object, and reality decisions. Journal of Memory and Language, 23(1), 39–66. Kroll, J. F., & Stewart, E. (1994). Category interference in translation and picture naming: Evidence for asymmetric connections between bilingual memory representations. Journal of Memory and Language, 33(2), 149–174.

References

External links Faculty page Bilingualism, Mind, and Brain lab

Worked examples

Example 1 — a first encounter with Judith F. Kroll

Start with the simplest possible case. Write down what Judith F. Kroll claims or describes in one sentence, then invent the smallest concrete situation in which that sentence is true. In astronomy, the smallest case is usually a single object, a single equation or a single measurement. Check that every symbol or term in your sentence has a meaning in that case.

Example 2 — changing one variable

Take the situation from Example 1 and change exactly one quantity: double it, halve it, or set it to zero. Predict what should happen to Judith F. Kroll before you calculate. Comparing your prediction with the result is the fastest way to find out whether you understand the idea or only the words.

Example 3 — an exam-style question

Typical questions about Judith F. Kroll ask you to (a) state it precisely, (b) apply it to given data, and (c) explain a limitation. Practise writing all three answers in under five minutes; the third part is what separates a full-mark answer from an average one.

Applications of Judith F. Kroll

In research: Judith F. Kroll appears in astronomy research whenever the underlying quantities have to be modelled precisely. Papers usually cite it as a starting assumption and then explore where it breaks down.
In technology and industry: Engineering practice reuses Judith F. Kroll in design rules, simulations and safety margins. Knowing the idea lets you read a specification sheet and understand why the numbers look the way they do.
In the classroom: Judith F. Kroll is common in secondary-school and first-year university syllabi. It links to neighbouring topics 21st-century American psychologists, American academics of women's studies, American women psychologists, so understanding it makes those chapters shorter.
In everyday life: Look for Judith F. Kroll outside the textbook — in sport, cooking, traffic, electronics or the sky above you. An example you found yourself is remembered far longer than one you were given.

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How to study Judith F. Kroll in 20 minutes

Read the reference excerpt below once, without taking notes.
Close the page and write down what Judith F. Kroll means in your own words.
Compare your version with the excerpt and mark what you missed.
Work through the three examples above with pen and paper.
Explain Judith F. Kroll out loud to somebody else — or to Teacher Smith in the lgStudy chat.

Frequently asked questions

What is Judith F. Kroll in simple terms?

Judith F. Kroll is an American psychologist who is a Distinguished Professor of Education at University of California, Irvine.

Why does Judith F. Kroll matter?

Because it connects several astronomy ideas at once: it gives you a definition you can apply, a quantity you can calculate, and a way to check whether a result is plausible.

How should I study Judith F. Kroll?

Read the excerpt, restate it from memory, then work through the examples and applications listed on this page. The five-step study plan above takes about twenty minutes.

What does this page cover?

It gives you a compact reference excerpt plus original lgStudy explanations, examples, applications and study material on Judith F. Kroll.