biology

Judith R. Walters

Judith R. Walters is a biology topic covered in the lgStudy science library. This page brings together a partial reference excerpt, illustrations, worked examples, real-world applications and a short study plan, so you can understand Judith R. Walters rather than just read about it. In short: Judith Richmond Walters is an American neuropharmacologist serving as chief of the neurophysiological pharmacology section at the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke. Life Walters received her B.A. degree from Mount Holyoke College and her Ph.D. from Yale University.

Key takeaways

Judith R. Walters belongs to biology; place it in that map before memorising details.
Learn the definition first, then one example that makes the definition concrete.
Connect Judith R. Walters to a quantity you can measure, compute or draw — that is where exam questions come from.
Reproduce the core statement of Judith R. Walters from memory before moving on to harder problems.

Reference excerpt

Judith Richmond Walters is an American neuropharmacologist serving as chief of the neurophysiological pharmacology section at the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke.

Life Walters received her B.A. degree from Mount Holyoke College and her Ph.D. from Yale University. Her 1972 dissertation was titled Dopaminergic Neurons: Effect of Gamma-Hydroxybutyrate. She studied the pharmacology and neurophysiology of the dopamine system in the basal ganglia. Her doctoral advisor was Robert Henry Roth. Walters did postdoctoral work at the department of psychiatry at the Yale University School of Medicine and then moved to the Experimental Therapeutics Branch in the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS). Walters is a neuropharmacologist working as chief of the Neurophysiological Pharmacology Section at the NINDS. Her laboratory explores the role of dopamine in basal ganglia-thalamocortical function. She studies the mechanisms in the brain that mediate dysfunctions associated with neurological diseases and disorders such as Parkinson’s disease. She became a Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science in 2018.

References

Illustrations

Worked examples

Example 1 — a first encounter with Judith R. Walters

Start with the simplest possible case. Write down what Judith R. Walters claims or describes in one sentence, then invent the smallest concrete situation in which that sentence is true. In biology, the smallest case is usually a single object, a single equation or a single measurement. Check that every symbol or term in your sentence has a meaning in that case.

Example 2 — changing one variable

Take the situation from Example 1 and change exactly one quantity: double it, halve it, or set it to zero. Predict what should happen to Judith R. Walters before you calculate. Comparing your prediction with the result is the fastest way to find out whether you understand the idea or only the words.

Example 3 — an exam-style question

Typical questions about Judith R. Walters ask you to (a) state it precisely, (b) apply it to given data, and (c) explain a limitation. Practise writing all three answers in under five minutes; the third part is what separates a full-mark answer from an average one.

Applications of Judith R. Walters

In research: Judith R. Walters appears in biology research whenever the underlying quantities have to be modelled precisely. Papers usually cite it as a starting assumption and then explore where it breaks down.
In technology and industry: Engineering practice reuses Judith R. Walters in design rules, simulations and safety margins. Knowing the idea lets you read a specification sheet and understand why the numbers look the way they do.
In the classroom: Judith R. Walters is common in secondary-school and first-year university syllabi. It links to neighbouring topics 20th-century American women scientists, 21st-century American women scientists, American neuroscientists, so understanding it makes those chapters shorter.
In everyday life: Look for Judith R. Walters outside the textbook — in sport, cooking, traffic, electronics or the sky above you. An example you found yourself is remembered far longer than one you were given.

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How to study Judith R. Walters in 20 minutes

Read the reference excerpt below once, without taking notes.
Close the page and write down what Judith R. Walters means in your own words.
Compare your version with the excerpt and mark what you missed.
Work through the three examples above with pen and paper.
Explain Judith R. Walters out loud to somebody else — or to Teacher Smith in the lgStudy chat.

Frequently asked questions

What is Judith R. Walters in simple terms?

Judith Richmond Walters is an American neuropharmacologist serving as chief of the neurophysiological pharmacology section at the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke. Life Walters received her B.A. degree from Mount Holyoke College and her Ph.D. from Yale University.

Why does Judith R. Walters matter?

Because it connects several biology ideas at once: it gives you a definition you can apply, a quantity you can calculate, and a way to check whether a result is plausible.

How should I study Judith R. Walters?

Read the excerpt, restate it from memory, then work through the examples and applications listed on this page. The five-step study plan above takes about twenty minutes.

What does this page cover?

It gives you a compact reference excerpt plus original lgStudy explanations, examples, applications and study material on Judith R. Walters.