science

Jules René Bourguignat

Jules René Bourguignat is a science topic covered in the lgStudy science library. This page brings together a partial reference excerpt, illustrations, worked examples, real-world applications and a short study plan, so you can understand Jules René Bourguignat rather than just read about it. In short: Jules René Bourguignat (19 August 1829, Brienne-Napoléon, Aube – 7 April 1892) was a French malacologist, a scientist who studied mollusks. He served as secretary-general of the Société malacologique de France.

Key takeaways

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Reference excerpt

Jules René Bourguignat (19 August 1829, Brienne-Napoléon, Aube – 7 April 1892) was a French malacologist, a scientist who studied mollusks. He served as secretary-general of the Société malacologique de France. He traveled widely, visiting, for example, Lake Tanganyika and North Africa. He reportedly defined 112 new genera and around 2540 new species of mollusks.

Taxa Bourguignat named and described many genera and species of mollusks, including:

Aspatharia Bourguignat, 1885, a genus of freshwater mussel. Bridouxia Bourguignat, 1885, a genus of freshwater snail. Lanistes alexandri Bourguignat, 1850, a species of freshwater snail. Reymondia Bourguignat, 1885, a genus of freshwater snail. Spekia Bourguignat, 1879, a genus of freshwater snail.

Bibliography (partly in French)

1853–1880. Aménités malacologiques. Paris, 2 vol., 45 pl. regroupant 85 mémoires dans les domaines de la paléontologie, l'archéologie, la botanique et la malacologie. 1861–1862. Spicilèges malacologiques. Paris, 1 vol., 15 pl. regroupant 15 mémoires; ils font suite aux Aménités. 1876–1885. Species novissimae Molluscorum in europaeo systemati detectae, notis diagnosticis succinctis breviter descriptae. Paris. 1852. Testacea novissima quae Cl. de Saulcy, in itinere per Orientem, annis 1850 et 1851, collegit. Lutetiae. 1853. Catalogue raisonné des Mollusques terrestres et fluviatiles recueillis par M. F. de Saulcy, pendant son voyage en Orient. Paris, 4 pl. 1854. Monographie des espèces françaises du genre Sphaerium, suivie d'un catalogue synonymique des Sphéries constatées en France à l'état fossile. Bordeaux, 4 pl. 1860. Malacologie terrestre de l'île du Château d'If, près Marseille. Paris, 2 pl. (in French) Bourguignat J. R. 1860. Malacologie terrestre et fluviatile de la Bretagne. Paris, 2 pl. (in French) Bourguignat J. R. 1860. Methodus conchyliologicus denominationis. (in French) Bourguignat J. R. 1861. Étude synonymique sur les mollusques des Alpes maritimes publiés par A. Risso en 1826. Paris: J.B. Baillière. (at Internet Archive) 1862. Malacologie du Lac des Quatre-Cantons et de ses environs. Paris, 4 pl. (in French) Bourguignat J. R. 1862. Paleóntologie des mollusques terrestres et fluviales de l'Algeie. Paris. 1863. Monographie du nouveau genre français Moitessieria. Paris, 2 pl. (in French) Bourguignat J. R. 1863–1870. Mollusques nouveaux, litigieux ou peu connus. Paris, 2 vol., 49 pl. regroupant 12 décades; ils font suite aux Spicilèges. 1863. Volume 1. 1865. Volume ? 1864. Malacologie de Grande Chartreuse. Paris, 103 p., 17 pl. (in French) Bourguignat J. R. 1864. Malacologie d'Aix-les-Bains. Paris, 86 p., 3 pl. 1864. Malacologie de l'Algérie, ou Histoire naturelle des animaux Mollusques terrestres et fluviatiles recueillis jusqu'à ce jour dans nos possessions du nord de l'Afrique. Paris, 58 pl. et 5 cartes. 1865. Monographie du nouveau genre Paladilhia. Paris, 21 p., 1 pl. 1866. Recherches sur la distribution géographique des Mollusques terrestres et fluviatiles en Algérie et dans les régions circonvoisines. Ann. Sc. nat. Zool. V, Paris, 2 cartes. 1869. Catalogue des Mollusques terrestres et fluviatiles des environs de Paris, à l'époque quaternaire. Paris, 32 p., 3 pl. 1869. "Inscriptions romaines de Vence", Paris, Bibliotheca Regia Monacensis. 1876–1877. Histoire des Clausilies vivantes et fossiles de France. Ann. Sc. nat. Zool. (4–6). Paris. (in Latin) Bourguignat J. R. 1876. Species novissimae Molluscorum in Europaeo systemati detectae : notis diagnosticis succinctis breviter descriptae. 1877. Aperçu sur les espèces françaises du genre Succinea. Paris. (in French) Bourguignat J. R. 1880. Monographie du genre Emmericia. Angers: Lachèse et Dolbeau. 1880. Recensement des Vivipara du système européen. Paris. 1880–1881. Matériaux pour servir à l'histoire des Mollusques Acéphales du système européen. Poissy, 2 fascicules. (in French) Bourguignat J. R. 1883. Aperçu sur les Unionidae de la péninsule italique. Paris, Imprimerie de Jules Tremblay. 1883. Histoire malacologique de l'Abyssinie. Paris, 5 pl. et 1 carte. (in French) Bourguignat J. R. 1884. Histoire des mélaniens du système européen. Paris, Librairie des sciences naturelles, Paul Klincksieck. Bourguignat J. R. (1885). Notice prodromique sur les mollusques terrestres et fluviatiles recueillis par M. Victor Giraud dans la region méridionale du lac Tanganika. Paris. 110 pp.

References

Open Library List of principal works by Bourguignat.

Further reading (in French) Georges Servain 1891. Oeuvres scientifiques de M.J.-R. Bourgignat: précédées d'une préface biographique. Paris: Impr. D. Dumoulin.

External links

Illustrations

Worked examples

Example 1 — a first encounter with Jules René Bourguignat

Start with the simplest possible case. Write down what Jules René Bourguignat claims or describes in one sentence, then invent the smallest concrete situation in which that sentence is true. In science, the smallest case is usually a single object, a single equation or a single measurement. Check that every symbol or term in your sentence has a meaning in that case.

Example 2 — changing one variable

Take the situation from Example 1 and change exactly one quantity: double it, halve it, or set it to zero. Predict what should happen to Jules René Bourguignat before you calculate. Comparing your prediction with the result is the fastest way to find out whether you understand the idea or only the words.

Example 3 — an exam-style question

Typical questions about Jules René Bourguignat ask you to (a) state it precisely, (b) apply it to given data, and (c) explain a limitation. Practise writing all three answers in under five minutes; the third part is what separates a full-mark answer from an average one.

Applications of Jules René Bourguignat

In research: Jules René Bourguignat appears in science research whenever the underlying quantities have to be modelled precisely. Papers usually cite it as a starting assumption and then explore where it breaks down.
In technology and industry: Engineering practice reuses Jules René Bourguignat in design rules, simulations and safety margins. Knowing the idea lets you read a specification sheet and understand why the numbers look the way they do.
In the classroom: Jules René Bourguignat is common in secondary-school and first-year university syllabi. It links to neighbouring topics 1829 births, 1892 deaths, French malacologists, so understanding it makes those chapters shorter.
In everyday life: Look for Jules René Bourguignat outside the textbook — in sport, cooking, traffic, electronics or the sky above you. An example you found yourself is remembered far longer than one you were given.

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Frequently asked questions

What is Jules René Bourguignat in simple terms?

Why does Jules René Bourguignat matter?

Because it connects several science ideas at once: it gives you a definition you can apply, a quantity you can calculate, and a way to check whether a result is plausible.

How should I study Jules René Bourguignat?

Read the excerpt, restate it from memory, then work through the examples and applications listed on this page. The five-step study plan above takes about twenty minutes.

What does this page cover?

It gives you a compact reference excerpt plus original lgStudy explanations, examples, applications and study material on Jules René Bourguignat.