biology

Julia Parrish

Julia Parrish is a biology topic covered in the lgStudy science library. This page brings together a partial reference excerpt, illustrations, worked examples, real-world applications and a short study plan, so you can understand Julia Parrish rather than just read about it. In short: Julia Parrish is an ecologist and conservation biologist at the University of Washington known for her research on seabirds and for her leadership in citizen science. She is an elected fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science.

Key takeaways

Julia Parrish belongs to biology; place it in that map before memorising details.
Learn the definition first, then one example that makes the definition concrete.
Connect Julia Parrish to a quantity you can measure, compute or draw — that is where exam questions come from.
Reproduce the core statement of Julia Parrish from memory before moving on to harder problems.

Reference excerpt

Julia Parrish is an ecologist and conservation biologist at the University of Washington known for her research on seabirds and for her leadership in citizen science. She is an elected fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science.

Education and career Parrish has an undergraduate degree from Carnegie-Mellon (1982) where she studied biochemistry and biophysics. While she was an undergraduate student, she spent a period of time at the Duke University Marine Laboratory, which she credits for guiding her towards getting her Ph.D. at Duke University studying the schooling behavior of fish. Parrish moved to the University of Washington where she holds the Lowell A. and Frankie L. Wakefield Endowed Professorship.

Research Parrish's research is a combination of observational research and conservation activities. Her graduate research centered on fish where she examined mucus production by the Atlantic silverside fish and the importance of physical location within schooling groups of fish. Parrish began working on Tatoosh Island in 1990 after an invitation to the island from a graduate student in Bob Paine's lab. Her work on the island focuses on common murres, a seabird that forms dense nesting colonies on the island. She has examined interactions between bald eagles and common murres and noted declines in the common murre population as a result of the recovery of the bald eagles. Parrish has modeled the role of aggregating animals in the survival of organisms and its subsequent implications for marine protected areas in the conservation of marine species. Parrish's research has linked dead birds found on the beach with changing seawater off California, the presence of harmful algal blooms, and marine heatwaves. Through the collection of data from volunteers, Parrish was able to link recent observations of the by-the-wind sailor jellyfish with seawater conditions off the beaches of California.

Citizen science

Parrish founded and directs the Coastal Observation and Seabird Survey Team, COASST, a citizen science project started in 1999 that organizes volunteers to gather details about dead birds and marine debris on beaches along the west coast of the United States. Parrish's activities include research into the scale of citizen science projects, the value of in-kind contributions made by volunteers, factors limiting the use of data collected by citizen scientists, and demographic factors leading to the success of data collection by citizen science projects.

Selected publications Animal Groups in Three Dimensions: How Species Aggregate. Julia K. Parrish, William M. Hamner. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 1997. ISBN 978-0-511-60115-6. OCLC 776964988.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: others (link) Parrish, Julia K.; Edelstein-Keshet, Leah (1999-04-02). "Complexity, Pattern, and Evolutionary Trade-Offs in Animal Aggregation". Science. 284 (5411): 99–101. Bibcode:1999Sci...284...99P. doi:10.1126/science.284.5411.99. PMID 10102827. Parrish, Julia K.; Viscido, Steven V.; Grünbaum, Daniel (2002-06-01). "Self-Organized Fish Schools: An Examination of Emergent Properties". The Biological Bulletin. 202 (3): 296–305. doi:10.2307/1543482. ISSN 0006-3185. JSTOR 1543482. PMID 12087003. S2CID 377484. Bonney, Rick; Shirk, Jennifer L.; Phillips, Tina B.; Wiggins, Andrea; Ballard, Heidi L.; Miller-Rushing, Abraham J.; Parrish, Julia K. (2014-03-28). "Next Steps for Citizen Science". Science. 343 (6178): 1436–1437. Bibcode:2014Sci...343.1436B. doi:10.1126/science.1251554. PMID 24675940. S2CID 206555629.

Awards and honors Aldo Leopold Fellow (2006) Fellow, Ecological Society of America (2016) Fellow, American Association for the Advancement of Science (2019) Lifetime Achievement Award, Pacific Seabird Group (2019) One of 12 "Champions of Change" honored at The White House (2013)

References

External links Citizen science with Julia Parrish on YouTube, December 23, 2020 [up to 17:36 in video] COASST web site

Worked examples

Example 1 — a first encounter with Julia Parrish

Start with the simplest possible case. Write down what Julia Parrish claims or describes in one sentence, then invent the smallest concrete situation in which that sentence is true. In biology, the smallest case is usually a single object, a single equation or a single measurement. Check that every symbol or term in your sentence has a meaning in that case.

Example 2 — changing one variable

Take the situation from Example 1 and change exactly one quantity: double it, halve it, or set it to zero. Predict what should happen to Julia Parrish before you calculate. Comparing your prediction with the result is the fastest way to find out whether you understand the idea or only the words.

Example 3 — an exam-style question

Typical questions about Julia Parrish ask you to (a) state it precisely, (b) apply it to given data, and (c) explain a limitation. Practise writing all three answers in under five minutes; the third part is what separates a full-mark answer from an average one.

Applications of Julia Parrish

In research: Julia Parrish appears in biology research whenever the underlying quantities have to be modelled precisely. Papers usually cite it as a starting assumption and then explore where it breaks down.
In technology and industry: Engineering practice reuses Julia Parrish in design rules, simulations and safety margins. Knowing the idea lets you read a specification sheet and understand why the numbers look the way they do.
In the classroom: Julia Parrish is common in secondary-school and first-year university syllabi. It links to neighbouring topics American marine biologists, American ornithologists, Carnegie Mellon University alumni, so understanding it makes those chapters shorter.
In everyday life: Look for Julia Parrish outside the textbook — in sport, cooking, traffic, electronics or the sky above you. An example you found yourself is remembered far longer than one you were given.

Affiliate

Preply — study more efficiently by working with a personal tutor. 50% off.

How to study Julia Parrish in 20 minutes

Read the reference excerpt below once, without taking notes.
Close the page and write down what Julia Parrish means in your own words.
Compare your version with the excerpt and mark what you missed.
Work through the three examples above with pen and paper.
Explain Julia Parrish out loud to somebody else — or to Teacher Smith in the lgStudy chat.

Frequently asked questions

What is Julia Parrish in simple terms?

Why does Julia Parrish matter?

Because it connects several biology ideas at once: it gives you a definition you can apply, a quantity you can calculate, and a way to check whether a result is plausible.

How should I study Julia Parrish?

Read the excerpt, restate it from memory, then work through the examples and applications listed on this page. The five-step study plan above takes about twenty minutes.

What does this page cover?

It gives you a compact reference excerpt plus original lgStudy explanations, examples, applications and study material on Julia Parrish.