Jurong Bird Park was an aviary in Jurong in the western part of Singapore. Opened in 1971, it was the largest bird park in Asia during its operations, covering an area of 0.2 square kilometres (49 acres) on the western slope of Jurong Hill. It was one of the parks managed by Mandai Wildlife Reserve, which also manages the Singapore Zoo, Night Safari and River Wonders. In 2016, the group announced that the Jurong Bird Park would be relocated to a much larger park at Mandai Lake Road by 2020, consolidating with the three existing wildlife parks together with a new Rainforest Park to form an integrated nature and wildlife precinct known as the Mandai Wildlife Reserve. In 2021, the group announced that the park's successor in Mandai would be named Bird Paradise. In 2022, it was announced that Jurong Bird Park would close on 3 January 2023 to finalise its move to Bird Paradise at Mandai, which opened on 8 May that year.
History
The idea of a permanent aviary was first conceived by Goh Keng Swee, then Minister for Finance, in 1968. During a World Bank meeting in Rio de Janeiro, Goh visited its zoological garden and was impressed with its free-flight aviary. He set out to ensure that Singaporeans would have a place where they could escape from urban life and relax with nature. Work on the aviary started in January 1969. A 14-hectare (35-acre) site on the western slope of Bukit Peropok in Jurong was chosen for the project. The bird park was expected to be completed by the end of 1969. On 3 January 1971, Jurong Bird Park, built at a cost of S$3.5 million, was opened to the public. Jurong Bird Park became a world-famous bird zoo holding specimens of magnificent bird life from around the world, including a large flock of flamingos. At the time of its closing in 2023 it was the world's largest bird park in terms of the number of birds, and second largest both in the number of bird species and land area (after Germany's Walsrode World Bird Park). There are 5,000 birds of 400 species in Jurong Bird Park, of which 24% are of threatened species, the highest percentage in any zoo worldwide. In 2006, Jurong Bird Park completed a S$10 million makeover. As a result of the upgrade, the park got a new entrance plaza, a park-owned and managed Bongo Burgers restaurant, an ice cream parlour, a gift shop and a bird hospital. Potential uses for the Jurong site after the bird park's closure include residential or recreational space. Memorable features such as the waterfall are expected to be retained.
Animals and exhibits Penguin Coast The Penguin Coast opened on 1 December 2010 as an upgrade of the outdated Penguin Parade habitat. African penguins were able to live in an outdoor pool meant to recreate a South African coastline with artificially created waves on the lagoon. Inside a Portuguese galleon facade, gentoo penguins, Humboldt penguins, king penguins and northern rockhopper penguins were kept in a climate-controlled enclosure kept at 10–15 °C (50–59 °F).
Flamingo Pool Caribbean flamingos and lesser flamingos lived in two enclosures that opened in 1984.
Flamingo Lake The park boasted a large flock of greater flamingos that had been breeding successfully since 1972.
Wings of Asia 500 birds from 135 species were housed in this aviary. The aviary housed and had successfully bred many endangered birds, such as the Bali myna, black-winged starling, Edwards's pheasant, Malayan peacock-pheasant, Mindanao bleeding-heart, Santa Cruz ground dove and straw-headed bulbul.
Heliconia Walk The Jurong Bird Park had the largest collection of Heliconias in Southeast Asia with over 167 species. Many different aviaries housed a variety of rare and endangered birds.
Wetlands Guests could observe a variety of waterbirds including black-bellied whistling ducks, black-faced spoonbills, boat-billed herons, cattle egrets, Eurasian spoonbills, hamerkops, Meller's ducks, roseate spoonbills, straw-necked ibises and white-faced whistling ducks. The park received a breeding pair of shoebills from Qatar in 2018. A wave machine prevented the build-up of algae in the water.
Royal Ramble A series of three walkthrough aviaries with Victoria crowned pigeons and a variety of other birds.
Window on Paradise This building had three free-flight aviaries for rare birds-of-paradise.
Hornbills and Toucans The area consisted of 27 large aviaries containing the world's largest collection of hornbills. The Jurong Bird Park was the first to successfully breed the black hornbill in captivity. Species housed in this area are African grey hornbills, black hornbills, great hornbills, Oriental pied hornbills, Papuan hornbills, red-billed toucans, rhinoceros hornbills, rufous hornbills, silvery-cheeked hornbills, southern ground hornbills, toco toucans, trumpeter hornbills, western long-tailed hornbills, white-crowned hornbills, wreathed hornbills and wrinkled hornbills
African Treetops This walkthrough aviary simulated the canopy layer of a rainforest and features various birds from the rainforests of Africa. It featured elevated walkways and a suspension bridge to provide an immersive experience, including ashy starlings, greater blue-eared starlings, great blue turacos, golden-breasted starlings, long-tailed glossy starlings, purple starlings, red-crested turacos, red-winged starlings, superb starlings, violet-backed starlings and Von der Decken's hornbills. The African Treetops aviary was formerly the Lory Loft, which was moved to the former Jungle Jewels site.
Lory Loft Guests could feed 10 species of lorikeets and lories. The attraction was chosen as a "Top 10 Best Family Experience" by the Singapore Tourism Board.
Birds of Prey A series of large aviaries that housed different species of birds of prey including Andean condors and king vultures. On 27 November 2019, a pair of critically endangered Philippine eagles named Geothermica and Sambisig were sent to the park as part of a recovery programme.
Dinosaur Descendants Larger ground-dwelling birds such as cassowaries, saddle-billed storks and sarus crane were housed in this area. Around the enclosures were four huts containing interactive displays like elephant bird egg replicas and a cassowary's casque as well as a dig site play area for children where they could excavate dinosaur fossils.
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