science

Kümmerly & Frey

Kümmerly & Frey is a science topic covered in the lgStudy science library. This page brings together a partial reference excerpt, illustrations, worked examples, real-world applications and a short study plan, so you can understand Kümmerly & Frey rather than just read about it. In short: Kümmerly & Frey was a Swiss cartography and publishing company. It originated in a lithography business founded in 1852 and became a noted map and atlas publisher before going bankrupt in 2001.

Key takeaways

Kümmerly & Frey belongs to science; place it in that map before memorising details.
Learn the definition first, then one example that makes the definition concrete.
Connect Kümmerly & Frey to a quantity you can measure, compute or draw — that is where exam questions come from.
Reproduce the core statement of Kümmerly & Frey from memory before moving on to harder problems.

Reference excerpt

Kümmerly & Frey was a Swiss cartography and publishing company. It originated in a lithography business founded in 1852 and became a noted map and atlas publisher before going bankrupt in 2001.

History The company originated in the lithography business founded by Gottfried Kümmerly in Bern in 1852, which printed its first map that same year. Hermann Kümmerly and his brother Arnold took over the management in 1884, and Julius Frey, Hermann's cousin and brother-in-law, became a partner in 1898. His brother Heinrich Frey took over the company in 1912, with his cousin Max Frey and Walter Kümmerly succeeding in 1931. The firm was converted into a joint-stock company in 1944. The geographical publishing house, founded in 1902, published atlases and journals, and from 1950 also illustrated books. Continuing its diversification, Kümmerly & Frey created a department specializing in school materials in 1969, among others. The firm moved to Zollikofen in 1996. From 1997 it collaborated with a computing company, with the production of maps and tourist information becoming largely automated. It employed 75 people in 1927, 110 in 1952, 250 in 1977, 133 in 2000, and 69 in 2001. After the company went bankrupt in December 2001, its cartographic department—along with its rights, programs, map stock, and company name—was acquired by Hallwag AG. On 11 March 2002 the two map businesses were combined into a new company, Hallwag Kümmerly+Frey AG. The company is still active and has been part of the MairDumont group since 2016.

References This article incorporates text from a free content work. Licensed under CC-BY SA. Text taken from Kümmerly & Frey, Andrea Weibel, Historical Dictionary of Switzerland.

Bibliography 80 Jahre Lithographie [und] Kartographie, 1852–1932, 1932 Kartographie in der Schweiz, exhibition catalogue, Zürich, 1953 Firmengeschichte, 1977

Worked examples

Example 1 — a first encounter with Kümmerly & Frey

Start with the simplest possible case. Write down what Kümmerly & Frey claims or describes in one sentence, then invent the smallest concrete situation in which that sentence is true. In science, the smallest case is usually a single object, a single equation or a single measurement. Check that every symbol or term in your sentence has a meaning in that case.

Example 2 — changing one variable

Take the situation from Example 1 and change exactly one quantity: double it, halve it, or set it to zero. Predict what should happen to Kümmerly & Frey before you calculate. Comparing your prediction with the result is the fastest way to find out whether you understand the idea or only the words.

Example 3 — an exam-style question

Typical questions about Kümmerly & Frey ask you to (a) state it precisely, (b) apply it to given data, and (c) explain a limitation. Practise writing all three answers in under five minutes; the third part is what separates a full-mark answer from an average one.

Applications of Kümmerly & Frey

In research: Kümmerly & Frey appears in science research whenever the underlying quantities have to be modelled precisely. Papers usually cite it as a starting assumption and then explore where it breaks down.
In technology and industry: Engineering practice reuses Kümmerly & Frey in design rules, simulations and safety margins. Knowing the idea lets you read a specification sheet and understand why the numbers look the way they do.
In the classroom: Kümmerly & Frey is common in secondary-school and first-year university syllabi. It links to neighbouring topics Cartography organizations, Companies based in the canton of Bern, Map companies, so understanding it makes those chapters shorter.
In everyday life: Look for Kümmerly & Frey outside the textbook — in sport, cooking, traffic, electronics or the sky above you. An example you found yourself is remembered far longer than one you were given.

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How to study Kümmerly & Frey in 20 minutes

Read the reference excerpt below once, without taking notes.
Close the page and write down what Kümmerly & Frey means in your own words.
Compare your version with the excerpt and mark what you missed.
Work through the three examples above with pen and paper.
Explain Kümmerly & Frey out loud to somebody else — or to Teacher Smith in the lgStudy chat.

Frequently asked questions

What is Kümmerly & Frey in simple terms?

Kümmerly & Frey was a Swiss cartography and publishing company. It originated in a lithography business founded in 1852 and became a noted map and atlas publisher before going bankrupt in 2001.

Why does Kümmerly & Frey matter?

Because it connects several science ideas at once: it gives you a definition you can apply, a quantity you can calculate, and a way to check whether a result is plausible.

How should I study Kümmerly & Frey?

Read the excerpt, restate it from memory, then work through the examples and applications listed on this page. The five-step study plan above takes about twenty minutes.

What does this page cover?

It gives you a compact reference excerpt plus original lgStudy explanations, examples, applications and study material on Kümmerly & Frey.