Karlsbad-style coffee maker

A variant of the category of French drip coffee pots is the group of so-called Bohemian coffee pots, manual zero-bypass flat bottom coffee makers made out of porcelain only, including Karlsbad coffee makers (1878), Bayreuth coffee makers (2007), the Walküre cup filter (2010) and the Walküre aroma-pot (2015). In contrast to French drip coffee pots, they all use a special double-layered conically cross-slit strainer made from through-glazed porcelain as well as a water spreader with six (or, in the larger models, more) large round holes to ensure an even water distribution and reduce the agitation of the coffee bed, a method sometimes also called cake filtration. In particular before World War I, but still up to the advent of the Espresso machine in the 1950s, they were very popular in the Viennese coffee house culture. The special kind of drip coffee they produce is called a Karlsbader ('Karlsbad coffee'). In Vienna, the Kleiner Schwarzer (confusingly also called Mokka or Piccolo), a black coffee without milk or sugar, was often prepared in Karlsbad coffee makers as well, hence they were sometimes incorrectly also called Vienna coffee-making machines. Once manufactured by many porcelain manufacturers, demand gradually dropped and eventually production stopped when electrical coffee makers became more and more common, so that Karlsbad coffee makers were only available on the used market for a couple of decades. However, experiencing a renaissance since about the millennium as part of the so-called third-wave of coffee one manufacturer restarted production of them. They are also used in restaurants and by connoisseurs, coffee sommeliers, coffee roasters and in coffee tasting laboratories.

History As a product of the fin de siècle the original so-called Karlsbader Kaffeemaschine ('Karlsbad coffee maker') was invented by Oswald von Thun und Hohenstein's factory Thun'sche Porzellanfabrik of Klösterle an der Eger (now Klášterec nad Ohří) near Karlsbad (now Karlovy Vary), which patented a special cross-slit filter sieve in 1878. Producing lithophanes, the company, which was founded in 1793/1794, already had experience manufacturing very thin and fragile porcelain for decades. Karlsbad coffee makers were historically manufactured by many porcelain manufacturers including Porcelánka Thun (with porcelain mark "TK") (Karlsbad), Altrohlauer Porzellan-Fabriken AG vorm. Moritz Zdekauer ("M Z") (Altrohlau), Erste Porzellan-Industrie A.G. ("EPIAG D. F.") (Dallwitz), Haas & Czjzek ("H. & C.") (Schlaggenwald), Carl Tielsch ("C. T.") (Altwasser), J. S. Maier & Co. Poschetzau ("MCP") (Poschetzau), Max Roesler Feinsteingutfabrik (Rodach, Germany), Hutschenreuther (Selb / Bavaria, Germany), Rosenthal & Co. ("R. C.") (Bavaria, Germany) / Rosenthal (Weiden/Kronach, Germany), Bauscher (Weiden, Germany), Meißner Ofen- und Porzellanfabrik vorm. Carl Teichert ("MEISSEN") (Meißen, Germany), Villeroy & Boch ("V. B.") (Luxemburg), Fayencerie Sarreguemines (France), Pillivuyt (France), and Siegmund Paul Meyer ("SPM") / Walküre (Bayreuth, Germany) / Friesland ("FPM") (Varel, Germany). Karlsbad coffee makers consist of four parts (a coffee pot, a coffee strainer/filter, a water spreader/distributor, and a lid) all made out of porcelain, and they exist in a number of different shapes of unknown origin. The original shape appears to have been a cylindrical filter with two squarish handles combined with a ball-shaped pot. Another early style featured a somewhat trapezoid shape known as neukonisch ('neoconic'). In 1910, SPM incorporated the slit Karlsbad filter into the design of a coffee maker with cylindrical filter (form 523). In 1913, SPM introduced the now classical somewhat pear-shaped rounded form (form 599). This design was copied by other porcelain manufacturers. Over the years it was available in various sizes ranging from 250 ml to 2.25 litre.

In 2007, the so-called Bayreuth coffee makers were created by designer Daniel Eltner for Walküre. A somewhat Bauhaus-reminiscing slick modernized style (form 699) following the same general four-piece porcelain construction principles as traditional Karlsbad coffee makers, the design received the "Good Design Award 2008" of the Chicago Athenaeum Museum of Architecture and Design and the "Coffee Innovations Award 2008" in the category "coffee machines and mills" at the domotechnica fair in Cologne. However, due to its non-symmetrical design it may be difficult to handle for left-handers. It has been available in two sizes (350 ml and 700 ml) produced by Walküre up to 2019, and since 2020 by Friesland (400 ml and 700 ml). As of 2020, Friesland was the only remaining manufacturer of any of them; however, their Varel production site burnt down in a fire on 29 June 2023, now pending its reconstruction.

Preparation To avoid clogging, coarsely ground coffee with about salt- or sugar-sized grains (about semolina-grade), evenly ground and without fines or added coffee surrogates, has to be used. Walküre recommended to use coffea arabica, and either 16 g for the first two cups and 6 g for each further cup, or 8–10 g per cup in general.

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