science

Kashinhou

Kashinhou is a science topic covered in the lgStudy science library. This page brings together a partial reference excerpt, illustrations, worked examples, real-world applications and a short study plan, so you can understand Kashinhou rather than just read about it. In short: Kashinhou (化審法), short for 化学物質の審査及び製造等の規制に関する法律 (Kagaku Busshitsu no Shinsa Oyobi Seizoutou no Kisei ni Kansuru Houritsu), ("Law Concerning the Examination and Regulation of Manufacture, etc. of Chemical Substances") (Showa Act No. 117, 昭和48年法律第117号) is the current Chemicals and dangerous substances regulation law in Japan. The more concise abbreviated name is 化学物質審査規制法 (Kagaku Busshitsu Shinsa Kiseihou), or "Chemi…

Key takeaways

Kashinhou belongs to science; place it in that map before memorising details.
Learn the definition first, then one example that makes the definition concrete.
Connect Kashinhou to a quantity you can measure, compute or draw — that is where exam questions come from.
Reproduce the core statement of Kashinhou from memory before moving on to harder problems.

Reference excerpt

Kashinhou (化審法), short for 化学物質の審査及び製造等の規制に関する法律 (Kagaku Busshitsu no Shinsa Oyobi Seizoutou no Kisei ni Kansuru Houritsu), ("Law Concerning the Examination and Regulation of Manufacture, etc. of Chemical Substances") (Showa Act No. 117, 昭和48年法律第117号) is the current Chemicals and dangerous substances regulation law in Japan. The more concise abbreviated name is 化学物質審査規制法 (Kagaku Busshitsu Shinsa Kiseihou), or "Chemical Substances Control Law". This law featured the world's first new chemical pre-examination system.

Coverage This law was established to provide a framework to examine the import, manufacture, and use of industrial chemicals and refractory organic substances for persistence and health consequences, as well as the necessary legal restrictions in order to achieve those aims.

History The law has its origins in 1968, with an illness related to polychlorinated biphenyls poisoning in the Kanemi Oil Incident. In 1973, this law was established, radically overturning a prevailing attitude that long term contaminants bioaccumulating in humans was not problematic. Refractory organic substances, highly enriched uranium, and substances that possess long term toxicity to humans were classified as Section 1 Chemical Substances. Section 1 items were banned from manufacture or importation. In 1986, a Section 2 Chemical Substances was added, which included trichloroethylene and tetrachloroethylene, which had contaminated groundwater. Questionable chemical substances that did not fall into above categories were introduced into a Section 2 Questionable Chemical substances category. In 1999, the government ministries were reorganized, and the Ministry of the Environment was added as an overseer to the precursor ministries of the current Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare, Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry. In 2003, under pressure from the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, a third Section was created to surveillance of chemical substances harmful to flora and fauna but not to humans. Regulation, policing, and surveillance of other laws, namely the Poisonous and Deleterious Substance Control Law, Stimulant Control Law, and Narcotics and Psychotropics Control Law were transferred to the current ministries as mentioned above.

Example of Chemical inventories in various countries/regions

Verordnung (EG) Nr. 1907/2006 (REACH) AICS - Australian Inventory of Chemical Substances DSL - Canadian Domestic Substances List NDSL - Canadian Non-Domestic Substances List KECL (Korean ECL) - Korean Existing Chemicals List ENCS (MITI) - Japanese Existing and New Chemical Substances PICCS - Philippine Inventory of Chemicals and Chemical Substances TSCA - US Toxic Substances Control Act SWISS - Giftliste 1 SWISS - Inventory of Notified New Substances

See also Toxic Substances Control Act of 1976 EU REACH regulation

References

Worked examples

Example 1 — a first encounter with Kashinhou

Start with the simplest possible case. Write down what Kashinhou claims or describes in one sentence, then invent the smallest concrete situation in which that sentence is true. In science, the smallest case is usually a single object, a single equation or a single measurement. Check that every symbol or term in your sentence has a meaning in that case.

Example 2 — changing one variable

Take the situation from Example 1 and change exactly one quantity: double it, halve it, or set it to zero. Predict what should happen to Kashinhou before you calculate. Comparing your prediction with the result is the fastest way to find out whether you understand the idea or only the words.

Example 3 — an exam-style question

Typical questions about Kashinhou ask you to (a) state it precisely, (b) apply it to given data, and (c) explain a limitation. Practise writing all three answers in under five minutes; the third part is what separates a full-mark answer from an average one.

Applications of Kashinhou

In research: Kashinhou appears in science research whenever the underlying quantities have to be modelled precisely. Papers usually cite it as a starting assumption and then explore where it breaks down.
In technology and industry: Engineering practice reuses Kashinhou in design rules, simulations and safety margins. Knowing the idea lets you read a specification sheet and understand why the numbers look the way they do.
In the classroom: Kashinhou is common in secondary-school and first-year university syllabi. It links to neighbouring topics Health law in Japan, Toxicology, so understanding it makes those chapters shorter.
In everyday life: Look for Kashinhou outside the textbook — in sport, cooking, traffic, electronics or the sky above you. An example you found yourself is remembered far longer than one you were given.

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How to study Kashinhou in 20 minutes

Read the reference excerpt below once, without taking notes.
Close the page and write down what Kashinhou means in your own words.
Compare your version with the excerpt and mark what you missed.
Work through the three examples above with pen and paper.
Explain Kashinhou out loud to somebody else — or to Teacher Smith in the lgStudy chat.

Frequently asked questions

What is Kashinhou in simple terms?

Why does Kashinhou matter?

Because it connects several science ideas at once: it gives you a definition you can apply, a quantity you can calculate, and a way to check whether a result is plausible.

How should I study Kashinhou?

Read the excerpt, restate it from memory, then work through the examples and applications listed on this page. The five-step study plan above takes about twenty minutes.

What does this page cover?

It gives you a compact reference excerpt plus original lgStudy explanations, examples, applications and study material on Kashinhou.