engineering

Kielce Bus Station

Kielce Bus Station is a engineering topic covered in the lgStudy science library. This page brings together a partial reference excerpt, illustrations, worked examples, real-world applications and a short study plan, so you can understand Kielce Bus Station rather than just read about it. In short: Kielce Bus Station (Polish: Dworzec autobusowy w Kielcach) is a bus station in Kielce, Poland. It is a novelty architecture type of a building, shaped to resemble a UFO.

Key takeaways

Kielce Bus Station belongs to engineering; place it in that map before memorising details.
Learn the definition first, then one example that makes the definition concrete.
Connect Kielce Bus Station to a quantity you can measure, compute or draw — that is where exam questions come from.
Reproduce the core statement of Kielce Bus Station from memory before moving on to harder problems.

Reference excerpt

Kielce Bus Station (Polish: Dworzec autobusowy w Kielcach) is a bus station in Kielce, Poland. It is a novelty architecture type of a building, shaped to resemble a UFO. Opened in 1984, it was seen as one of the more modern bus stations of its kind in Poland at that particular time. The station is built upon a large roundabout of 89 meters in diameter providing room for 15 platforms each of 18 meters length (the largest legal length of a bus in Poland and most of Europe). An additional island increases the number of platforms by 3, also providing night-time operation when the main building is closed. The main building of circular shape with a dome is located in the center of the roundabout. It is accessed by two tunnels beneath the roundabout - this feature provides maximum safety as pedestrian and bus traffic never cross each other.

History The building was constructed from 1975 to 1984, and opened on 20 July that year, two days before the 40th anniversary of the establishment of the People's Republic of Poland. It was designed by Polish architect Edward Modrzejewski. The facility was seen as highly advanced in terms of its overall capacity, and quickly became a minor tourist attraction and one of the landmarks of Kielce. It was designed to accommodate 1,500 buses and the projected number of 24,000 passengers daily. The size of the complex is about 4 hectares (9.9 acres). Recently the local government has declared the building to be a monument, and the Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship monument curator has justified this decision by describing the building as "unique and novel example of People's Republic of Poland-era type of architecture" and "one of the most valuable architectural designs of the years of 1970s and 1980s in Poland, and a material document of this period". The fortunes of the building decreased in the 1990s, as post-communist Poland saw a rise in private car ownership, and a decreased interest in public transit. The building, formerly owned by the PKS company, has been privatized in the early 2010s. While the government authorities were interested in preserving the building, seen as an important landmark, its private owners were struggling to turn a profit out of it. As of the 21st century, the building became increasingly in need of renovation, and the owner, the PKS 2 company, was planning to replace it with a new construction at a different location, with the original building being heavily modified or replaced. A spokesman for the company has even declared that they are not willing to invest in renovating the building, and in fact are waiting for the building to collapse. This has caused criticism from individuals who see the building as part of modern Poland's cultural heritage, and demand that the design is not significantly altered. The city bought back the bus station at the end of March 2016. In September 2018, a major reconstruction project was started with the goal of almost completely rebuilding the station, but preserving the basic design and the distinctive shape of the building. The works are scheduled to finish in June 2020, with a planned cost of 68,7 million PLN, 9 million of which is to be provided by the city government (with the bulk of the rest of the funding coming from the European Union).

Gallery

See also Annunciation Greek Orthodox Church, similar shaped Frank Lloyd Wright building Spodek

References

External links

Photos from the construction Archived 2014-07-20 at the Wayback Machine Photos from the interior

Illustrations

Worked examples

Example 1 — a first encounter with Kielce Bus Station

Start with the simplest possible case. Write down what Kielce Bus Station claims or describes in one sentence, then invent the smallest concrete situation in which that sentence is true. In engineering, the smallest case is usually a single object, a single equation or a single measurement. Check that every symbol or term in your sentence has a meaning in that case.

Example 2 — changing one variable

Take the situation from Example 1 and change exactly one quantity: double it, halve it, or set it to zero. Predict what should happen to Kielce Bus Station before you calculate. Comparing your prediction with the result is the fastest way to find out whether you understand the idea or only the words.

Example 3 — an exam-style question

Typical questions about Kielce Bus Station ask you to (a) state it precisely, (b) apply it to given data, and (c) explain a limitation. Practise writing all three answers in under five minutes; the third part is what separates a full-mark answer from an average one.

Applications of Kielce Bus Station

In research: Kielce Bus Station appears in engineering research whenever the underlying quantities have to be modelled precisely. Papers usually cite it as a starting assumption and then explore where it breaks down.
In technology and industry: Engineering practice reuses Kielce Bus Station in design rules, simulations and safety margins. Knowing the idea lets you read a specification sheet and understand why the numbers look the way they do.
In the classroom: Kielce Bus Station is common in secondary-school and first-year university syllabi. It links to neighbouring topics 1984 establishments in Poland, Buildings and structures in Kielce, Bus stations in Poland, so understanding it makes those chapters shorter.
In everyday life: Look for Kielce Bus Station outside the textbook — in sport, cooking, traffic, electronics or the sky above you. An example you found yourself is remembered far longer than one you were given.

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How to study Kielce Bus Station in 20 minutes

Read the reference excerpt below once, without taking notes.
Close the page and write down what Kielce Bus Station means in your own words.
Compare your version with the excerpt and mark what you missed.
Work through the three examples above with pen and paper.
Explain Kielce Bus Station out loud to somebody else — or to Teacher Smith in the lgStudy chat.

Frequently asked questions

What is Kielce Bus Station in simple terms?

Kielce Bus Station (Polish: Dworzec autobusowy w Kielcach) is a bus station in Kielce, Poland. It is a novelty architecture type of a building, shaped to resemble a UFO.

Why does Kielce Bus Station matter?

Because it connects several engineering ideas at once: it gives you a definition you can apply, a quantity you can calculate, and a way to check whether a result is plausible.

How should I study Kielce Bus Station?

Read the excerpt, restate it from memory, then work through the examples and applications listed on this page. The five-step study plan above takes about twenty minutes.

What does this page cover?

It gives you a compact reference excerpt plus original lgStudy explanations, examples, applications and study material on Kielce Bus Station.