science

Klára Červenková

Klára Červenková is a science topic covered in the lgStudy science library. This page brings together a partial reference excerpt, illustrations, worked examples, real-world applications and a short study plan, so you can understand Klára Červenková rather than just read about it. In short: Klára Červenková (11 August 1873 – 12 May 1945) was a Czech geographer, anthropologist, academic, suffragist and pacifist. She was one of the first women to graduate from the Faculty of Philosophy of Charles University and one of the first Czech women to obtain a university degree.

Key takeaways

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Reference excerpt

Klára Červenková (11 August 1873 – 12 May 1945) was a Czech geographer, anthropologist, academic, suffragist and pacifist. She was one of the first women to graduate from the Faculty of Philosophy of Charles University and one of the first Czech women to obtain a university degree. Because of her anti-fascist stance, she was arrested and imprisoned in a concentration camp for women in Ravensbrück, Germany, at the end of World War II.

Life and work Klára Červenková was born on 11 August 1873 in the Old Town of Prague to the family of the tailor Josef Červenka, originally from Sedlčany, and his wife Marie Červinková, from Městek Králové. Klára had a twin sister, Maria. After graduating from school, she began studying in Prague at the age of 19 at the newly opened (in 1890) first private girls' high school in Central Europe called Minerva, where she was taught by, among others, Albína Honzáková and Marie Baborová.

Pedagogical activity After graduating from that school in 1898, she began attending lectures at the Faculty of Philosophy of Charles University. Until 1900, girls were only allowed to attend lectures for "residential studies" (without the status of regular students), but in 1900, a new law enabled girls to take exams for the entire period of their studies. Červenková was not accepted as a student until 1906. In the meantime, she started teaching Czech language and geography at the girls' and women's school of the Czech Women's Production Association. At that time, the teaching profession required women to promise celibacy so Červenková remained unmarried throughout her life. In 1913, she passed the exams in geography and anthropology and the secondary exam in philosophy, and graduated from the Charles-Ferdinand University on 28 July 1913. Her dissertation was titled Economic Conditions in Eastern Africa. After the creation of Czechoslovakia and the establishment of equal rights of men and women in the field of higher education, she continued attending the School of Advanced Pedagogical Studies in Prague and worked as a teacher at the Minerva grammar school. In 1923, she became a teacher at the Second Czech Girls' Real Municipal Gymnasium.

Public activity Even as a student, Červenková started to get involved in Czech social activities, she was a member of a number of women's associations and organizations. She was also politically involved, first in Masaryk's Realist Party, then in the Czech Social Democratic Workers' Party. In cooperation with Karla Máchovu, she participated in the activities of the Committee for Women's Suffrage. After the creation of the Women's National Council after 1918, she became its vice-president, for which she collaborated with, for example, Františka Plamínková and Milada Horáková. In articles and professional texts, she dealt, among other things, with the analysis of Marxist national economics. After the outbreak of the Spanish Civil War in 1936, she was vice chairman of a group active in supporting the republican democratic government against the fascist forces of General Francisco Franco and initiatives for a peaceful resolution of the conflict.

Imprisonment and death After the establishment of the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia on 15 March 1939, Czech women's activities were officially restricted. Červenková was arrested 28 October 1941, and eventually imprisoned in the women's section of the Ravensbrück Concentration Camp in Nazi Germany because of her left-wing political orientation and anti-fascist activities during the Spanish Civil War in 1943. She was held there with some of her former students and with other figures of the female left-wing intelligentsia, such as Jožka Jabůrková, Anna Křenová, Marie Urbanová and Gusta Fučíková. Despite her failing health and eyesight, she participated in secret meetings and gave history lectures to other camp prisoners. Klára Červenková died in the camp on 12 May 1945, at the age of 71.

Honors Her name is listed on the commemorative plaque of the members of the physical education unit of the Czech Social Democracy who died in World War II. It's located on Strahovská Street in Prague.

References

External links Klára Červenková helped others ...

Illustrations

Worked examples

Example 1 — a first encounter with Klára Červenková

Start with the simplest possible case. Write down what Klára Červenková claims or describes in one sentence, then invent the smallest concrete situation in which that sentence is true. In science, the smallest case is usually a single object, a single equation or a single measurement. Check that every symbol or term in your sentence has a meaning in that case.

Example 2 — changing one variable

Take the situation from Example 1 and change exactly one quantity: double it, halve it, or set it to zero. Predict what should happen to Klára Červenková before you calculate. Comparing your prediction with the result is the fastest way to find out whether you understand the idea or only the words.

Example 3 — an exam-style question

Typical questions about Klára Červenková ask you to (a) state it precisely, (b) apply it to given data, and (c) explain a limitation. Practise writing all three answers in under five minutes; the third part is what separates a full-mark answer from an average one.

Applications of Klára Červenková

In research: Klára Červenková appears in science research whenever the underlying quantities have to be modelled precisely. Papers usually cite it as a starting assumption and then explore where it breaks down.
In technology and industry: Engineering practice reuses Klára Červenková in design rules, simulations and safety margins. Knowing the idea lets you read a specification sheet and understand why the numbers look the way they do.
In the classroom: Klára Červenková is common in secondary-school and first-year university syllabi. It links to neighbouring topics 1873 births, 1945 deaths, 20th-century Czech women, so understanding it makes those chapters shorter.
In everyday life: Look for Klára Červenková outside the textbook — in sport, cooking, traffic, electronics or the sky above you. An example you found yourself is remembered far longer than one you were given.

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How to study Klára Červenková in 20 minutes

Read the reference excerpt below once, without taking notes.
Close the page and write down what Klára Červenková means in your own words.
Compare your version with the excerpt and mark what you missed.
Work through the three examples above with pen and paper.
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Frequently asked questions

What is Klára Červenková in simple terms?

Why does Klára Červenková matter?

Because it connects several science ideas at once: it gives you a definition you can apply, a quantity you can calculate, and a way to check whether a result is plausible.

How should I study Klára Červenková?

Read the excerpt, restate it from memory, then work through the examples and applications listed on this page. The five-step study plan above takes about twenty minutes.

What does this page cover?

It gives you a compact reference excerpt plus original lgStudy explanations, examples, applications and study material on Klára Červenková.