physics

Klivazh

Klivazh is a physics topic covered in the lgStudy science library. This page brings together a partial reference excerpt, illustrations, worked examples, real-world applications and a short study plan, so you can understand Klivazh rather than just read about it. In short: Klivazh is the site of an underground peaceful nuclear explosion in the Soviet program of Nuclear Explosions for the National Economy. The event took place in the Donetsk Oblast of the Ukrainian SSR on September 16, 1979.

Key takeaways

Klivazh belongs to physics; place it in that map before memorising details.
Learn the definition first, then one example that makes the definition concrete.
Connect Klivazh to a quantity you can measure, compute or draw — that is where exam questions come from.
Reproduce the core statement of Klivazh from memory before moving on to harder problems.

Reference excerpt

Klivazh is the site of an underground peaceful nuclear explosion in the Soviet program of Nuclear Explosions for the National Economy. The event took place in the Donetsk Oblast of the Ukrainian SSR on September 16, 1979. The site flooded with underground waters in 2018 after Russian military occupation during Russo-Ukrainian war, with a risk of radiological pollution of drinking water in the area.

Details of the PNE The 0.2–0.3 kt (kiloton of TNT) explosion was performed in Ukrainian SSR in an eastern annex of Yunkom coal mine, near the town of Bunhe, city of Yenakiieve, at a depth of 903 m (2,963 ft) in between the coal layers "Deviatka" (l4) and "Tsehelny" (l21) on September 16, 1979, at 9:00 AM (GMT). The aim of the explosion was to lower interlayer tension and underground gas pressure, allowing more secure coal mining. Before 1979, there were frequent rapid coal and gas outbursts in the Yunkom coal mine, and sudden squeezing-out of coal by accompanying gas evolution, as the excavating layers were situated in the tectonic tension areas. The event details were classified in the time of the USSR.

Outcomes of the explosion Following the nuclear explosion a cavity formed with a radius of 5–6 m, around it there formed a crush zone with a 20–25 m radius. The radioactivity level in the mine excavation areas and sub-surface waters remained at the natural level when the measurements were regularly conducted during 1979–2000. After the PNE the coal and gas outbursts became less frequent. In 2002, the Yunkom coal mine was closed.

Flooding of the site The danger of flooding the Yunkom coal mine was alarming for Ukrainian ecologists at the very announcement of the mine conservation as it may potentially cause radioactive pollution of the underground waters. The Ministry of Ecological Security held measures to ensure the hydrological and geological security of the site. After the starting of Russo-Ukrainian war in 2014 the city of Yenakiieve was occupied by pro-Russian forces of Donetsk People's Republic. In 2018 the DPR administration decided to flood the Yunkom coal mine. The drainage required maintenance of water pumps, which stopped along with the region's general infrastructure degradation after the Russian military occupation. The information was confirmed by OSCE Monitoring Mission. In April 2018 the DPR removed water pumps from the Yunkom mine, so it is gradually flooded by the natural waters. The radiological contamination was viewed as potentially spreading to the Mius River and then to the Azov Sea, threatening drinking and irrigation water supplies.

See also Kramatorsk radiological accident Andreev Bay nuclear accident

References

Illustrations

Worked examples

Example 1 — a first encounter with Klivazh

Start with the simplest possible case. Write down what Klivazh claims or describes in one sentence, then invent the smallest concrete situation in which that sentence is true. In physics, the smallest case is usually a single object, a single equation or a single measurement. Check that every symbol or term in your sentence has a meaning in that case.

Example 2 — changing one variable

Take the situation from Example 1 and change exactly one quantity: double it, halve it, or set it to zero. Predict what should happen to Klivazh before you calculate. Comparing your prediction with the result is the fastest way to find out whether you understand the idea or only the words.

Example 3 — an exam-style question

Typical questions about Klivazh ask you to (a) state it precisely, (b) apply it to given data, and (c) explain a limitation. Practise writing all three answers in under five minutes; the third part is what separates a full-mark answer from an average one.

Applications of Klivazh

In research: Klivazh appears in physics research whenever the underlying quantities have to be modelled precisely. Papers usually cite it as a starting assumption and then explore where it breaks down.
In technology and industry: Engineering practice reuses Klivazh in design rules, simulations and safety margins. Knowing the idea lets you read a specification sheet and understand why the numbers look the way they do.
In the classroom: Klivazh is common in secondary-school and first-year university syllabi. It links to neighbouring topics 1979 in Ukraine, 2018 in Ukraine, 2018 industrial disasters, so understanding it makes those chapters shorter.
In everyday life: Look for Klivazh outside the textbook — in sport, cooking, traffic, electronics or the sky above you. An example you found yourself is remembered far longer than one you were given.

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How to study Klivazh in 20 minutes

Read the reference excerpt below once, without taking notes.
Close the page and write down what Klivazh means in your own words.
Compare your version with the excerpt and mark what you missed.
Work through the three examples above with pen and paper.
Explain Klivazh out loud to somebody else — or to Teacher Smith in the lgStudy chat.

Frequently asked questions

What is Klivazh in simple terms?

Why does Klivazh matter?

Because it connects several physics ideas at once: it gives you a definition you can apply, a quantity you can calculate, and a way to check whether a result is plausible.

How should I study Klivazh?

Read the excerpt, restate it from memory, then work through the examples and applications listed on this page. The five-step study plan above takes about twenty minutes.

What does this page cover?

It gives you a compact reference excerpt plus original lgStudy explanations, examples, applications and study material on Klivazh.