astronomy

Kohzoh Imai

Kohzoh Imai is a astronomy topic covered in the lgStudy science library. This page brings together a partial reference excerpt, illustrations, worked examples, real-world applications and a short study plan, so you can understand Kohzoh Imai rather than just read about it. In short: Kohzoh Imai (今井浩三, Kohzoh Imai; born January 1, 1948) is a Japanese physician and oncologist specializing in molecular diagnosis and novel medical treatment of cancer. He is well known for the discovery of a Melanoma-related antigen (Chondroitin Sulfate Proteoglycan-4, or CSPG4) by producing a monoclonal antibody.

Key takeaways

Kohzoh Imai belongs to astronomy; place it in that map before memorising details.
Learn the definition first, then one example that makes the definition concrete.
Connect Kohzoh Imai to a quantity you can measure, compute or draw — that is where exam questions come from.
Reproduce the core statement of Kohzoh Imai from memory before moving on to harder problems.

Reference excerpt

Kohzoh Imai (今井浩三, Kohzoh Imai; born January 1, 1948) is a Japanese physician and oncologist specializing in molecular diagnosis and novel medical treatment of cancer. He is well known for the discovery of a Melanoma-related antigen (Chondroitin Sulfate Proteoglycan-4, or CSPG4) by producing a monoclonal antibody. In addition, he produced monoclonal antibodies against CEA or ICAM-1 and discovered their use in diagnosis and pathological analysis. He is a former professor and president of Sapporo Medical University. He was a Council Member of the Science Council of Japan. Imai is currently a professor at the Institute of Medical Science at the University of Tokyo and the director of Kanagawa Cancer Center Research Institute. In 2013, he received the Medal of Honor with Purple Ribbon.

Scientific Contributions Imai discovered three kinds of protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) genes which control the signal transduction of cancer cells. His research on treatment with siRNA targeting PRDM14 molecules expressed in cancer cells is soon to be clinically applied to patients in Japan. Further, he developed a method to diagnose colorectal cancer utilizing a methylation of genes expressed in cancer cells.

Biography and career Imai was born in Hakodate, Hokkaido in 1948. After receiving an M.D. from Sapporo Medical University in 1972, he started his career at the Department of Internal Medicine (Division I) under the supervision of Professor Takeo Wada. He obtained his PhD from Sapporo Medical University in 1976. He worked at The Scripps Research Institute under the supervision of Prof. Ralph A. Reisfeld and Prof. Soldano Ferrone as an NIH post-doctoral research fellow from 1978 to 1981. Upon returning to Japan, he returned to Sapporo Medical University as a lecturer, where he was later promoted to a full professor in 1994. During this period, he had been to the United Kingdom to study under Nobel Laureate César Milstein at the MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology in 1985. He was appointed as the 9th chairperson of Sapporo Medical University in 2004 and later the first president when it was restructured into a prefectural university corporation. Currently, he is a professor and the director of the research hospital at the University of Tokyo's Institute of Medical Science, as well as the director of Center for Antibody and Vaccine Therapy, the head of the Medical Innovation Promotion Office, and the director of Kanagawa Cancer Center Research Institute.

References

Toyota M; Imai K; et al. (2003). "Epigenetic inactivation of CHFR in human tumors". Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 100 (13): 7818–7823. Bibcode:2003PNAS..100.7818T. doi:10.1073/pnas.1337066100. PMC 164671. PMID 12810945. Takaoka A; Imai K; et al. (2003). "Integration of interferon-α/β signalling to p53 responses in tumor suppression and antiviral defence". Nature. 424 (6948): 516–523. Bibcode:2003Natur.424..516T. doi:10.1038/nature01850. PMID 12872134. Suzuki H; Imai K; et al. (2004). "Epigenetic inactivation of SFRP genes allows constitutive WNT signaling in colorectal cancer". Nature Genetics. 36 (4): 417–422. doi:10.1038/ng1330. PMID 15034581. Imai K, Takaoka A (2006). "Comparing antibody and small-molecule therapies for cancer". Nat. Rev. Cancer. 6 (9): 714–27. doi:10.1038/nrc1913. PMID 16929325. S2CID 19170671. Suzuki H; Imai K; et al. (2011). "Genome-wide profiling of chromatin signatures reveals epigenetic regulation of microRNA genes in colorectal cancer". Cancer Res. 71 (17): 5646–58. doi:10.1158/0008-5472.can-11-1076. PMID 21734013. Archived from the original on 2015-04-02. Retrieved 2015-03-26.

Worked examples

Example 1 — a first encounter with Kohzoh Imai

Start with the simplest possible case. Write down what Kohzoh Imai claims or describes in one sentence, then invent the smallest concrete situation in which that sentence is true. In astronomy, the smallest case is usually a single object, a single equation or a single measurement. Check that every symbol or term in your sentence has a meaning in that case.

Example 2 — changing one variable

Take the situation from Example 1 and change exactly one quantity: double it, halve it, or set it to zero. Predict what should happen to Kohzoh Imai before you calculate. Comparing your prediction with the result is the fastest way to find out whether you understand the idea or only the words.

Example 3 — an exam-style question

Typical questions about Kohzoh Imai ask you to (a) state it precisely, (b) apply it to given data, and (c) explain a limitation. Practise writing all three answers in under five minutes; the third part is what separates a full-mark answer from an average one.

Applications of Kohzoh Imai

In research: Kohzoh Imai appears in astronomy research whenever the underlying quantities have to be modelled precisely. Papers usually cite it as a starting assumption and then explore where it breaks down.
In technology and industry: Engineering practice reuses Kohzoh Imai in design rules, simulations and safety margins. Knowing the idea lets you read a specification sheet and understand why the numbers look the way they do.
In the classroom: Kohzoh Imai is common in secondary-school and first-year university syllabi. It links to neighbouring topics 1948 births, Academic staff of the University of Tokyo, Cancer researchers, so understanding it makes those chapters shorter.
In everyday life: Look for Kohzoh Imai outside the textbook — in sport, cooking, traffic, electronics or the sky above you. An example you found yourself is remembered far longer than one you were given.

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How to study Kohzoh Imai in 20 minutes

Read the reference excerpt below once, without taking notes.
Close the page and write down what Kohzoh Imai means in your own words.
Compare your version with the excerpt and mark what you missed.
Work through the three examples above with pen and paper.
Explain Kohzoh Imai out loud to somebody else — or to Teacher Smith in the lgStudy chat.

Frequently asked questions

What is Kohzoh Imai in simple terms?

Why does Kohzoh Imai matter?

Because it connects several astronomy ideas at once: it gives you a definition you can apply, a quantity you can calculate, and a way to check whether a result is plausible.

How should I study Kohzoh Imai?

Read the excerpt, restate it from memory, then work through the examples and applications listed on this page. The five-step study plan above takes about twenty minutes.

What does this page cover?

It gives you a compact reference excerpt plus original lgStudy explanations, examples, applications and study material on Kohzoh Imai.