astronomy

Konrad Johannes Karl Büttner

Konrad Johannes Karl Büttner is a astronomy topic covered in the lgStudy science library. This page brings together a partial reference excerpt, illustrations, worked examples, real-world applications and a short study plan, so you can understand Konrad Johannes Karl Büttner rather than just read about it. In short: Konrad Johannes Karl Büttner, or Buettner (6 October 1903 – 14 November 1970) was a German-American meteorologist, bioclimatologist and university professor. Life and times Büttner was born in Westendorf, in the province of Hannover, Germany and died in New Haven, Connecticut.

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Reference excerpt

Konrad Johannes Karl Büttner, or Buettner (6 October 1903 – 14 November 1970) was a German-American meteorologist, bioclimatologist and university professor.

Life and times Büttner was born in Westendorf, in the province of Hannover, Germany and died in New Haven, Connecticut. He was a Protestant, married and had one child. His father was John Samuel Julius Büttner and his mother was Emilie Henriette Elisabeth Büttner née Kreuser.

Education From 1917 to 1922, he attended the Gymnasium high school at Schulpforte. From 1922 to 1926, Büttner studied geophysics, physics and mathematics in Erlangen, Hanover and Göttingen. In 1927, he completed a doctorate degree at the University of Göttingen and published his thesis: "Experiments on the penetrating radiation" and was awarded the Dr. Phil. In 1934, he completed the habilitation treatise titled: "The heat transfer by conduction and convection, evaporation and radiation in Bioklimatologie and Meteorology", at the University of Kiel. He became head of the Bioclimatic Research Centre at the University of Kiel.

Academic appointments From 1927 to 1931, Büttner had a scholarship for Meteorology in Potsdam and was a fellow of the Emergency Association of German Science. From 1931 until 1934, he was scientific assistant for Meteorology as Assistant Professor and Head of the Bioclimatic Research Centre in Kiel. While at Kiel, from 1939 to 1947, he was lecturer for Meteorology and Geophysics. In January 1947, Büttner received an extraordinary professorship of Meteorology at the University of Kiel.

Nazi Party 1933 - 1945, Sturmabteilung (SA), member 1933 - 1945, National Socialist German Workers' Party, member During World War II, Büttner was attached to the Medical Department of the Medical Research Institute for Graf Zeppelins active in Stuttgart-Ruit, previously the Luftwaffe main testing ground at the Rechlin–Lärz Airfield. Büttner lectured as government medical officer at the sessions on medical issues in distress and death in winter on 26 and 27 October 1942.

Operation Paperclip In 1947, Büttner was recruited for Operation Paperclip and was first granted a leave of absence from teaching in Kiel and resigned in December 1950 from the University. Büttner went to the United States at Randolph Air Force Base, School of Aviation Medicine. From 1947 until 1953, he was research scientist for meteorology at the School of Medicine Aviation at Randolph Air Force Base in Texas.

University of Washington in Seattle From 1953 until his death in 1970, Büttner was professor for Meteorology and Physiology in the Department of Atmospheric Sciences at the University of Washington in Seattle in Seattle, Washington. Chairman of the department was Philemon Edwards Church and graduate program advisor was Robert Guthrie Fleagle. At Seattle in the Graduate School, Department of Atmospheric Sciences (formerly Meteorology and Climatology), for the school year 1963-1965, the catalog listed the courses taught by Buettner as: microclimatology, applied meteorology and bioclimatology, the upper atmosphere, atmospheric electricity, atmospheric radiation. As per the graduate school catalog, Graduate course descriptions are as follows:

Applied meteorology and bioclimatology - interrelationship of meteorology and climatology to: human health and heat balance, aviation medicine and space medicine, air pollution, agriculture, forestry, transportation, etc. The upper atmosphere - structure, composition, and dominant physical and photochemical processes. Sound propagation, aurora, air glow, ionosphere, and Van Allen belts. Role of the sun. Exosphere and planetary atmospheres. Atmospheric electricity - formation and disappearance of atmospheric ions. Normal air electrical field. Lightning and its causes. Earth magnetic field. Atmospheric radiation - solar spectrum. Atmospheric scattering, spectra of water vapor and other gases. Albedo of earth and atmosphere. Radiative heat balance.

Publications Buettner, Konrad. (1931). Radiation effects on man in space. Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Society. 3:, 183. Büttner, K. (1932). Physical considerations regarding conservation of heat in man, especially loss of heat by conduction. Klinische Wochenschrift. 11: 1508-1509. Büttner, Konrad Johannes Karl. (1934). Die Wärmeübertragung durch Leitung und Konvektion, Verdunstung und Strahlung in Bioklimatologie und Meteorologie. Springer.

1950s Buettner, K. J., & Haber, H. (1952). The aeropause. Science. 115: 656-657. Buettner, K. J. (1953). Tolerance Time. In Proceedings of a symposium on frontiers of man-controlled flight: presented at Los Angeles, California, April 3, 1953, by the Institute of Transportation and Traffic Engineering and University Extension, University of California, in collaboration with the Aero-Medical Engineering Association and the Institute of the Aeronautical Sciences, Los Angeles Section (p. 7). Buettner, K. J. (1954). Thermal stresses in the modern aircraft. Archiv für Meteorologie, Geophysik und Bioklimatologie, Serie B, 5(3-4), 377-387. Hubley, R. C., & Buettner, K. J. (1955). Juneau Ice Field Research Project. Alaska. 1954. American Geographical Society. New York. Hubley, R. C. (1957). An analysis of surface energy during the ablation season on Lemon Creek Glacier, Alaska. Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union, 38(1), 68-85. Büttner, K. J. (1958). Die Aufnahme von Wasserdampf durch menschliche Haut, Pflanze und Erdboden. Archiv für Meteorologie, Geophysik und Bioklimatologie, Serie B, 9(1), 80-85. Buettner, K. J. (1958). Sorption by the earth surface and a new classification of kata-hydrometeoric processes. Journal of Meteorology, 15(2), 155-163. Buettner, K. J. (1959). Diffusion of liquid water through human skin. Journal of Applied Physiology, 14(2), 261-268. Buettner, K. J. (1959). Diffusion of water vapor through small areas of human skin in normal environment. Journal of Applied Physiology, 14(2), 269-275. Buettner, K. J., & Holmes, Frederick F. (1959). Diffusion of water vapor through human skin in hot environment and with application of atropine. Journal of Applied Physiology, 14(2), 276-278.

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Worked examples

Example 1 — a first encounter with Konrad Johannes Karl Büttner

Start with the simplest possible case. Write down what Konrad Johannes Karl Büttner claims or describes in one sentence, then invent the smallest concrete situation in which that sentence is true. In astronomy, the smallest case is usually a single object, a single equation or a single measurement. Check that every symbol or term in your sentence has a meaning in that case.

Example 2 — changing one variable

Take the situation from Example 1 and change exactly one quantity: double it, halve it, or set it to zero. Predict what should happen to Konrad Johannes Karl Büttner before you calculate. Comparing your prediction with the result is the fastest way to find out whether you understand the idea or only the words.

Example 3 — an exam-style question

Typical questions about Konrad Johannes Karl Büttner ask you to (a) state it precisely, (b) apply it to given data, and (c) explain a limitation. Practise writing all three answers in under five minutes; the third part is what separates a full-mark answer from an average one.

Applications of Konrad Johannes Karl Büttner

In research: Konrad Johannes Karl Büttner appears in astronomy research whenever the underlying quantities have to be modelled precisely. Papers usually cite it as a starting assumption and then explore where it breaks down.
In technology and industry: Engineering practice reuses Konrad Johannes Karl Büttner in design rules, simulations and safety margins. Knowing the idea lets you read a specification sheet and understand why the numbers look the way they do.
In the classroom: Konrad Johannes Karl Büttner is common in secondary-school and first-year university syllabi. It links to neighbouring topics 1903 births, 1970 deaths, 20th-century German inventors, so understanding it makes those chapters shorter.
In everyday life: Look for Konrad Johannes Karl Büttner outside the textbook — in sport, cooking, traffic, electronics or the sky above you. An example you found yourself is remembered far longer than one you were given.

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How to study Konrad Johannes Karl Büttner in 20 minutes

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Frequently asked questions

What is Konrad Johannes Karl Büttner in simple terms?

Konrad Johannes Karl Büttner, or Buettner (6 October 1903 – 14 November 1970) was a German-American meteorologist, bioclimatologist and university professor. Life and times Büttner was born in Westendorf, in the province of Hannover, Germany and died in New Haven, Connecticut.

Why does Konrad Johannes Karl Büttner matter?

Because it connects several astronomy ideas at once: it gives you a definition you can apply, a quantity you can calculate, and a way to check whether a result is plausible.

How should I study Konrad Johannes Karl Büttner?

Read the excerpt, restate it from memory, then work through the examples and applications listed on this page. The five-step study plan above takes about twenty minutes.

What does this page cover?

It gives you a compact reference excerpt plus original lgStudy explanations, examples, applications and study material on Konrad Johannes Karl Büttner.