physics

Korean Peninsula Energy Development Organization

Korean Peninsula Energy Development Organization is a physics topic covered in the lgStudy science library. This page brings together a partial reference excerpt, illustrations, worked examples, real-world applications and a short study plan, so you can understand Korean Peninsula Energy Development Organization rather than just read about it. In short: The Korean Peninsula Energy Development Organization (KEDO) was an organization founded on March 15, 1995, by the United States, South Korea, and Japan to implement the 1994 U.S.-North Korea Agreed Framework that froze North Korea's indigenous nuclear power plant development centered at the Yongbyon Nuclear Scientific Research Center, that was suspected of being a step in a nuclear weapons program. KEDO's principal…

Key takeaways

Korean Peninsula Energy Development Organization belongs to physics; place it in that map before memorising details.
Learn the definition first, then one example that makes the definition concrete.
Connect Korean Peninsula Energy Development Organization to a quantity you can measure, compute or draw — that is where exam questions come from.
Reproduce the core statement of Korean Peninsula Energy Development Organization from memory before moving on to harder problems.

Reference excerpt

The Korean Peninsula Energy Development Organization (KEDO) was an organization founded on March 15, 1995, by the United States, South Korea, and Japan to implement the 1994 U.S.-North Korea Agreed Framework that froze North Korea's indigenous nuclear power plant development centered at the Yongbyon Nuclear Scientific Research Center, that was suspected of being a step in a nuclear weapons program. KEDO's principal activity was to construct two light water reactor nuclear power plants in North Korea to replace North Korea's Magnox type reactors. The original target year for completion was 2003. Since then, other members joined:

1995: Australia, Canada, New Zealand 1996: Argentina, Chile, Indonesia 1997: European Union, Poland 1999: Czech Republic 2000: Uzbekistan KEDO discussions took place at the level of a U.S. Assistant Secretary of State, South Korea's deputy foreign minister, and the head of the Asian bureau of Japan's Foreign Ministry. The KEDO Secretariat was located in New York. KEDO was shut down in 2006.

History

Formal ground breaking on the site for two light water reactors (LWR) was on August 19, 1997, at Kumho, 30 km north of Sinpo. The Kumho site had been previously selected for two similar sized reactors that had been promised in the 1980s by the Soviet Union, before its collapse. Soon after the Agreed Framework was signed, U.S. Congress control changed to the Republican Party, who did not support the agreement. Some Republican Senators were strongly against the agreement, regarding it as appeasement. KEDO's first director, Stephen Bosworth, later commented "The Agreed Framework was a political orphan within two weeks after its signature". Arranging project financing was not easy, and formal invitations to bid were not issued until 1998, by which time the delays were infuriating North Korea. Significant spending on the LWR project did not commence until 2000, with "First Concrete" pouring at the construction site on August 7, 2002. Construction of both reactors was well behind the original schedule. In the wake of the breakdown of the Agreed Framework in 2003, KEDO largely lost its function. KEDO ensured that the nuclear power plant project assets at the construction site at Kumho in North Korea and at manufacturers' facilities around the world ($1.5 billion invested to date) were preserved and maintained. The project was reported to be about 30% complete. One reactor containment building was about 50% complete and another about 15% finished. No key equipment for the reactors had been moved to the site. In 2005, there were reports indicating that KEDO had agreed in principle to terminate the light-water reactor project. On January 9, 2006, it was announced that the project was over and the workers would be returning to their home countries. North Korea demanded compensation and has refused to return the approximately $45 million worth of equipment left behind.

Executive Directors Stephen W. Bosworth, 1995–1997 L. Desaix Anderson, 1997–2001 Charles Kartman, 2001–2005

See also Division of Korea Six-party talks

References

External links Official website Agreement on Supply of a Light-Water Reactor Project to the Democratic People's Republic of Korea - KEDO, 1995 "Interview: Charles Kartman". Frontline. Public Broadcasting Service. February 20, 2003. Retrieved April 14, 2010. Ten Years of KEDO: What Have We Learned?, U.S. Institute of Peace, March 10, 2005 Half-forgotten project is a key in next round of 6-party talks Archived November 25, 2005, at the Wayback Machine - JoongAng Daily, September 12, 2005 Kumho: North Korea's nuclear ghost town - Asia Times, September 24, 2005 KEDO Puts Final Nail in N.Korea Reactor Project, The Chosun Ilbo, November 23, 2005 KEDO told to leave North Korea Archived May 20, 2006, at the Wayback Machine, JoongAng Daily, December 13, 2005 N.Korea says to build light-water nuclear reactors, Reuters, December 20, 2005 An unfair burden, JoongAng Daily, December 23, 2005 What Did We Learn From KEDO?, The Stanley Foundation, November 2006 KEDO Demands $1.9 Bil. Compensation From NK, The Korea Times, January 16, 2007 A History of KEDO 1994-2006, Robert Carlin, Joel Wit, Charles Kartman, Center for International Security and Cooperation, July 18, 2012 Reflections on KEDO: Ambassador Stephen Bosworth, Joel Wit and Robert Carlin (video interview of first KEDO Director), 38 North, July 19, 2012

Illustrations

Worked examples

Example 1 — a first encounter with Korean Peninsula Energy Development Organization

Start with the simplest possible case. Write down what Korean Peninsula Energy Development Organization claims or describes in one sentence, then invent the smallest concrete situation in which that sentence is true. In physics, the smallest case is usually a single object, a single equation or a single measurement. Check that every symbol or term in your sentence has a meaning in that case.

Example 2 — changing one variable

Take the situation from Example 1 and change exactly one quantity: double it, halve it, or set it to zero. Predict what should happen to Korean Peninsula Energy Development Organization before you calculate. Comparing your prediction with the result is the fastest way to find out whether you understand the idea or only the words.

Example 3 — an exam-style question

Typical questions about Korean Peninsula Energy Development Organization ask you to (a) state it precisely, (b) apply it to given data, and (c) explain a limitation. Practise writing all three answers in under five minutes; the third part is what separates a full-mark answer from an average one.

Applications of Korean Peninsula Energy Development Organization

In research: Korean Peninsula Energy Development Organization appears in physics research whenever the underlying quantities have to be modelled precisely. Papers usually cite it as a starting assumption and then explore where it breaks down.
In technology and industry: Engineering practice reuses Korean Peninsula Energy Development Organization in design rules, simulations and safety margins. Knowing the idea lets you read a specification sheet and understand why the numbers look the way they do.
In the classroom: Korean Peninsula Energy Development Organization is common in secondary-school and first-year university syllabi. It links to neighbouring topics Foreign relations of North Korea, Foreign relations of South Korea, Intergovernmental organizations established by treaty, so understanding it makes those chapters shorter.
In everyday life: Look for Korean Peninsula Energy Development Organization outside the textbook — in sport, cooking, traffic, electronics or the sky above you. An example you found yourself is remembered far longer than one you were given.

Ask Teacher Smith questions about this articleOpens your AI tutor with a question about “Korean Peninsula Energy Development Organization” →

Affiliate

Preply — study more efficiently by working with a personal tutor. 50% off.

How to study Korean Peninsula Energy Development Organization in 20 minutes

Read the reference excerpt below once, without taking notes.
Close the page and write down what Korean Peninsula Energy Development Organization means in your own words.
Compare your version with the excerpt and mark what you missed.
Work through the three examples above with pen and paper.
Explain Korean Peninsula Energy Development Organization out loud to somebody else — or to Teacher Smith in the lgStudy chat.

Frequently asked questions

What is Korean Peninsula Energy Development Organization in simple terms?

Why does Korean Peninsula Energy Development Organization matter?

Because it connects several physics ideas at once: it gives you a definition you can apply, a quantity you can calculate, and a way to check whether a result is plausible.

How should I study Korean Peninsula Energy Development Organization?

Read the excerpt, restate it from memory, then work through the examples and applications listed on this page. The five-step study plan above takes about twenty minutes.

What does this page cover?

It gives you a compact reference excerpt plus original lgStudy explanations, examples, applications and study material on Korean Peninsula Energy Development Organization.