biology

L. Stephen Coles

L. Stephen Coles is a biology topic covered in the lgStudy science library. This page brings together a partial reference excerpt, illustrations, worked examples, real-world applications and a short study plan, so you can understand L. Stephen Coles rather than just read about it. In short: Leslie Stephen Coles (January 19, 1941 – December 3, 2014) was an American biogerontologist who was the co-founder and executive director of the Gerontology Research Group where he conducted research on supercentenarians and aging. He was also a visiting scholar in the computer science department at the University of California, Los Angeles and an assistant researcher in the Department of Surgery, at the David Geffe…

Key takeaways

L. Stephen Coles belongs to biology; place it in that map before memorising details.
Learn the definition first, then one example that makes the definition concrete.
Connect L. Stephen Coles to a quantity you can measure, compute or draw — that is where exam questions come from.
Reproduce the core statement of L. Stephen Coles from memory before moving on to harder problems.

Reference excerpt

Leslie Stephen Coles (January 19, 1941 – December 3, 2014) was an American biogerontologist who was the co-founder and executive director of the Gerontology Research Group where he conducted research on supercentenarians and aging. He was also a visiting scholar in the computer science department at the University of California, Los Angeles and an assistant researcher in the Department of Surgery, at the David Geffen School of Medicine.

Biography Coles was born on January 19, 1941, in New York City. He received his B.S. in electrical engineering from Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute in Troy, New York, his Master's in mathematics from the Carnegie Institute of Technology, and his Ph.D. in systems and communication sciences from Carnegie Mellon University. After obtaining his M.D. at Stanford University School of Medicine, Coles completed his clinical internship in obstetrics and gynaecology at the Jackson Memorial Hospital of the Miller School of Medicine at the University of Miami. Coles was treasurer of the Supercentenarian Research Foundation, as well as co-founder and system administrator of the Gerontology Research Group. Coles died on December 3, 2014, in Scottsdale, Arizona, of pancreatic cancer. His brain was cryonically preserved by Alcor Life Extension Foundation as their 131st patient.

Selected publications

Journal articles Coles LS (2005). "Validated worldwide supercentenarians for 2004". Rejuvenation Research. 8 (1): 69–71. doi:10.1089/rej.2005.8.69. PMID 15798378. Coles LS (June 2004). "Demography of human supercentenarians". The Journals of Gerontology. Series A, Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences. 59 (6): B579–86. doi:10.1093/gerona/59.6.B579. PMID 15215268.

Books L. Stephen Coles (2011) Extraordinary Healing: How the discoveries of Mirko Beljanski, the world's first green molecular biologist, can protect and restore your health. Freedom Press, Topanga, California; ISBN 9781893910898. L. Stephen Coles and David Steinman (1999) The IP-6 with Inositol Question and Answer Book: Nature's Ultimate Anti-Cancer Pill. Freedom Press, Topanga, California; ISBN 9781893910003

References

Worked examples

Example 1 — a first encounter with L. Stephen Coles

Start with the simplest possible case. Write down what L. Stephen Coles claims or describes in one sentence, then invent the smallest concrete situation in which that sentence is true. In biology, the smallest case is usually a single object, a single equation or a single measurement. Check that every symbol or term in your sentence has a meaning in that case.

Example 2 — changing one variable

Take the situation from Example 1 and change exactly one quantity: double it, halve it, or set it to zero. Predict what should happen to L. Stephen Coles before you calculate. Comparing your prediction with the result is the fastest way to find out whether you understand the idea or only the words.

Example 3 — an exam-style question

Typical questions about L. Stephen Coles ask you to (a) state it precisely, (b) apply it to given data, and (c) explain a limitation. Practise writing all three answers in under five minutes; the third part is what separates a full-mark answer from an average one.

Applications of L. Stephen Coles

In research: L. Stephen Coles appears in biology research whenever the underlying quantities have to be modelled precisely. Papers usually cite it as a starting assumption and then explore where it breaks down.
In technology and industry: Engineering practice reuses L. Stephen Coles in design rules, simulations and safety margins. Knowing the idea lets you read a specification sheet and understand why the numbers look the way they do.
In the classroom: L. Stephen Coles is common in secondary-school and first-year university syllabi. It links to neighbouring topics 1941 births, 2014 deaths, American biologists, so understanding it makes those chapters shorter.
In everyday life: Look for L. Stephen Coles outside the textbook — in sport, cooking, traffic, electronics or the sky above you. An example you found yourself is remembered far longer than one you were given.

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How to study L. Stephen Coles in 20 minutes

Read the reference excerpt below once, without taking notes.
Close the page and write down what L. Stephen Coles means in your own words.
Compare your version with the excerpt and mark what you missed.
Work through the three examples above with pen and paper.
Explain L. Stephen Coles out loud to somebody else — or to Teacher Smith in the lgStudy chat.

Frequently asked questions

What is L. Stephen Coles in simple terms?

Why does L. Stephen Coles matter?

Because it connects several biology ideas at once: it gives you a definition you can apply, a quantity you can calculate, and a way to check whether a result is plausible.

How should I study L. Stephen Coles?

Read the excerpt, restate it from memory, then work through the examples and applications listed on this page. The five-step study plan above takes about twenty minutes.

What does this page cover?

It gives you a compact reference excerpt plus original lgStudy explanations, examples, applications and study material on L. Stephen Coles.