biology

LH 4

LH 4 is a biology topic covered in the lgStudy science library. This page brings together a partial reference excerpt, illustrations, worked examples, real-world applications and a short study plan, so you can understand LH 4 rather than just read about it. In short: LH 4 or Laetoli Hominid 4 is the catalogue number of a fossilized mandible which was discovered by Mary Leakey in 1974 from Laetoli, Tanzania. Mary Leakey and her team, including Tim White, found between 1974 and 1977 42 hominid teeth associated with a jawbone.

LH 4 — main illustration — LH 4 — illustration

Key takeaways

LH 4 belongs to biology; place it in that map before memorising details.
Learn the definition first, then one example that makes the definition concrete.
Connect LH 4 to a quantity you can measure, compute or draw — that is where exam questions come from.
Reproduce the core statement of LH 4 from memory before moving on to harder problems.

Reference excerpt

LH 4 or Laetoli Hominid 4 is the catalogue number of a fossilized mandible which was discovered by Mary Leakey in 1974 from Laetoli, Tanzania. Mary Leakey and her team, including Tim White, found between 1974 and 1977 42 hominid teeth associated with a jawbone. One of them was LH-4, a fine specimen with nine teeth. White described the fossils, and LH-4 was assigned as the "name-bearer" of the new species Australopithecus afarensis by Donald Johanson and Tim White.

Observations The specimen is 2.9–3.9 million years old and is mandible of an adult Australopithecus afarensis with all molars present and a fairly large canine. Most anterior teeth and rami are missing, but the dental arcade is in a good condition with little or no evidence of distortion.

References

Bibliography

External links

Illustrations

Worked examples

Example 1 — a first encounter with LH 4

Start with the simplest possible case. Write down what LH 4 claims or describes in one sentence, then invent the smallest concrete situation in which that sentence is true. In biology, the smallest case is usually a single object, a single equation or a single measurement. Check that every symbol or term in your sentence has a meaning in that case.

Example 2 — changing one variable

Take the situation from Example 1 and change exactly one quantity: double it, halve it, or set it to zero. Predict what should happen to LH 4 before you calculate. Comparing your prediction with the result is the fastest way to find out whether you understand the idea or only the words.

Example 3 — an exam-style question

Typical questions about LH 4 ask you to (a) state it precisely, (b) apply it to given data, and (c) explain a limitation. Practise writing all three answers in under five minutes; the third part is what separates a full-mark answer from an average one.

Applications of LH 4

In research: LH 4 appears in biology research whenever the underlying quantities have to be modelled precisely. Papers usually cite it as a starting assumption and then explore where it breaks down.
In technology and industry: Engineering practice reuses LH 4 in design rules, simulations and safety margins. Knowing the idea lets you read a specification sheet and understand why the numbers look the way they do.
In the classroom: LH 4 is common in secondary-school and first-year university syllabi. It links to neighbouring topics 1974 in paleontology, Australopithecus fossils, Fossils of Tanzania, so understanding it makes those chapters shorter.
In everyday life: Look for LH 4 outside the textbook — in sport, cooking, traffic, electronics or the sky above you. An example you found yourself is remembered far longer than one you were given.

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How to study LH 4 in 20 minutes

Read the reference excerpt below once, without taking notes.
Close the page and write down what LH 4 means in your own words.
Compare your version with the excerpt and mark what you missed.
Work through the three examples above with pen and paper.
Explain LH 4 out loud to somebody else — or to Teacher Smith in the lgStudy chat.

Frequently asked questions

What is LH 4 in simple terms?

Why does LH 4 matter?

Because it connects several biology ideas at once: it gives you a definition you can apply, a quantity you can calculate, and a way to check whether a result is plausible.

How should I study LH 4?

Read the excerpt, restate it from memory, then work through the examples and applications listed on this page. The five-step study plan above takes about twenty minutes.

What does this page cover?

It gives you a compact reference excerpt plus original lgStudy explanations, examples, applications and study material on LH 4.