earth science

La Pedrera de Rúbies Formation

La Pedrera de Rúbies Formation is a earth science topic covered in the lgStudy science library. This page brings together a partial reference excerpt, illustrations, worked examples, real-world applications and a short study plan, so you can understand La Pedrera de Rúbies Formation rather than just read about it. In short: The La Pedrera de Rúbies Formation, also called as La Pedrera de Meià is an Early Cretaceous (late Berriasian to early Barremian geologic formation in Catalonia, Spain. The formation crops out in the area of the Montsec in the Organyà Basin.

Key takeaways

La Pedrera de Rúbies Formation belongs to earth science; place it in that map before memorising details.
Learn the definition first, then one example that makes the definition concrete.
Connect La Pedrera de Rúbies Formation to a quantity you can measure, compute or draw — that is where exam questions come from.
Reproduce the core statement of La Pedrera de Rúbies Formation from memory before moving on to harder problems.

Reference excerpt

The La Pedrera de Rúbies Formation, also called as La Pedrera de Meià is an Early Cretaceous (late Berriasian to early Barremian geologic formation in Catalonia, Spain. The formation crops out in the area of the Montsec in the Organyà Basin. At the La Pedrera de Meià locality, the formation consists of rhythmically laminated, lithographic limestones that formed in the distal areas of a large, shallow coastal lake. It is noted for the exceptional preservation of articulated small vertebrates and insects, similar to that of the Solnhofen Limestone.

Fossil content The La Pedrera de Rúbies Formation has yielded the enantiornithine bird Noguerornis and the scincogekkomorph lizard Pedrerasaurus, and two species of Teiid lizard Meyasaurus, M. fauri and M. crusafonti, the indeterminate avialan Ilerdopteryx, frogs Neusibatrachus wilferti, Eodiscoglossus santonjae and Montsechobatrachus. A crocodyliform Montsecosuchus and many insects and other arthropods, as:

Correlation

See also List of dinosaur-bearing rock formations List of stratigraphic units with few dinosaur genera Tremp Formation Baltic, Burmese, Dominican, Mexican amber

References

Bibliography Bolet, A.; Evans, S.E. (2010), "A new lizard from the Early Cretaceous of Catalonia (Spain), and the Mesozoic lizards of the Iberian Peninsula", Cretaceous Research, 31 (4): 447–457, doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2010.06.002 Báez, A.M.; Sanchiz, B. (2007), "A review of Neusibatrachus wilferti, an Early Cretaceous frog from the Montsec Range, northeastern Spain", Acta Palaeontologica Polonica, 52: 477–487, retrieved 2019-10-09 Weishampel, David B.; Dodson, Peter; Osmólska, Halszka (2004), The Dinosauria, 2nd edition, Berkeley: University of California Press, pp. 1–880, ISBN 0-520-24209-2, retrieved 2019-02-21{{citation}}: CS1 maint: publisher location (link) Chiappé, L.; Lacasa Ruiz, A. (2002), Noguerornis gonzalezi (Aves: Ornithothoraces) from the Early Cretaceous of Spain in Chiappe and Witmer, (eds.). Mesozoic Birds: Above the Heads of Dinosaurs, University of California Press, pp. 230–239 Kellner, A (2002), A review of avian Mesozoic fossil feathers in Chiappé and Witmer, (eds.). Mesozoic Birds: Above the Heads of Dinosaurs, University of California Press, pp. 389–404 Lacasa Ruiz, A (1989), "New genus of fossil bird from the Neocomian locality of Montsec (Lerida province, Spain)", Estudios Geológicos, 45: 417–425

Further reading A. P. Rasnitsyn and J. Ansorge. 2000. Two new Lower Cretaceous hymenopterous insects (Insecta: Hymenoptera) from Sierra del Montsec, Spain. Acta Geológica Hispánica 35:59-64 X. Martínez-Delclòs. 1993. Blátidos (Insecta, Blattodea) del Cretácico Inferior de España. Familias Mesoblattinidae, Blattulidae y Poliphagidae. Boletín Geológico y Minero 104:516-538 X. Martínez-Delclòs. 1990. Insectos del Cretácico inferior de Santa Maria de Meià (Lleida): colleción Lluís Marià Vidal i Carreras. Treballs del Museu de Geologia de Barcelona 1:91-116 P. E. S. Whalley and E. A. Jarzembowski. 1985. Fossil insects from the Lithographic Limestone Montsech (Late Jurassic-early Cretaceous), Lérida Province, Spain. Bulletin of the British Museum of Natural History (Geology) 38(5):381-412 J. E. Gomez Pallerola. 1979. Un ave y otras especies fósiles nuevas de la biofacies de Santa María de Meyá (Lérida). Boletín Geológico y Minero 90:333-346

Illustrations

Worked examples

Example 1 — a first encounter with La Pedrera de Rúbies Formation

Start with the simplest possible case. Write down what La Pedrera de Rúbies Formation claims or describes in one sentence, then invent the smallest concrete situation in which that sentence is true. In earth science, the smallest case is usually a single object, a single equation or a single measurement. Check that every symbol or term in your sentence has a meaning in that case.

Example 2 — changing one variable

Take the situation from Example 1 and change exactly one quantity: double it, halve it, or set it to zero. Predict what should happen to La Pedrera de Rúbies Formation before you calculate. Comparing your prediction with the result is the fastest way to find out whether you understand the idea or only the words.

Example 3 — an exam-style question

Typical questions about La Pedrera de Rúbies Formation ask you to (a) state it precisely, (b) apply it to given data, and (c) explain a limitation. Practise writing all three answers in under five minutes; the third part is what separates a full-mark answer from an average one.

Applications of La Pedrera de Rúbies Formation

In research: La Pedrera de Rúbies Formation appears in earth science research whenever the underlying quantities have to be modelled precisely. Papers usually cite it as a starting assumption and then explore where it breaks down.
In technology and industry: Engineering practice reuses La Pedrera de Rúbies Formation in design rules, simulations and safety margins. Knowing the idea lets you read a specification sheet and understand why the numbers look the way they do.
In the classroom: La Pedrera de Rúbies Formation is common in secondary-school and first-year university syllabi. It links to neighbouring topics Amber, Barremian Stage, Berriasian Stage, so understanding it makes those chapters shorter.
In everyday life: Look for La Pedrera de Rúbies Formation outside the textbook — in sport, cooking, traffic, electronics or the sky above you. An example you found yourself is remembered far longer than one you were given.

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How to study La Pedrera de Rúbies Formation in 20 minutes

Read the reference excerpt below once, without taking notes.
Close the page and write down what La Pedrera de Rúbies Formation means in your own words.
Compare your version with the excerpt and mark what you missed.
Work through the three examples above with pen and paper.
Explain La Pedrera de Rúbies Formation out loud to somebody else — or to Teacher Smith in the lgStudy chat.

Frequently asked questions

What is La Pedrera de Rúbies Formation in simple terms?

Why does La Pedrera de Rúbies Formation matter?

Because it connects several earth science ideas at once: it gives you a definition you can apply, a quantity you can calculate, and a way to check whether a result is plausible.

How should I study La Pedrera de Rúbies Formation?

Read the excerpt, restate it from memory, then work through the examples and applications listed on this page. The five-step study plan above takes about twenty minutes.

What does this page cover?

It gives you a compact reference excerpt plus original lgStudy explanations, examples, applications and study material on La Pedrera de Rúbies Formation.