engineering

Land reclamation in Bahrain

Land reclamation in Bahrain is a engineering topic covered in the lgStudy science library. This page brings together a partial reference excerpt, illustrations, worked examples, real-world applications and a short study plan, so you can understand Land reclamation in Bahrain rather than just read about it. In short: Land reclamation in Bahrain dates back to the 20th century and extends well into the 21st century. Between 1987 and 2013, 80 square kilometres of reclaimed land was added to the country's land area, representing an increase of 12.5%.

Key takeaways

Land reclamation in Bahrain belongs to engineering; place it in that map before memorising details.
Learn the definition first, then one example that makes the definition concrete.
Connect Land reclamation in Bahrain to a quantity you can measure, compute or draw — that is where exam questions come from.
Reproduce the core statement of Land reclamation in Bahrain from memory before moving on to harder problems.

Reference excerpt

Land reclamation in Bahrain dates back to the 20th century and extends well into the 21st century. Between 1987 and 2013, 80 square kilometres of reclaimed land was added to the country's land area, representing an increase of 12.5%. An extreme example of this is the land area of Muharraq island increasing by 155% due to land reclamation. Reasons for land reclamation utilisation in the country include a rapidly increasing population, increased economic development needs, and limited land availability. Further land reclamation is expected as Bahrain's Economic Vision 2030 master plan promotes a significant number of land reclamation projects.

History The earliest modern utilisation of land reclamation in Bahrain dates back to 1912 when plans were announced for construction of a gateway and pier alongside the north of the city of Manama, termed Mina Manama. This would later be the foundation for the construction of Bab al Bahrain. Following the discovery of oil in Bahrain in 1932, rapid urbanisation to the country's urban core in Manama expedited land reclamation focused centred around the Government Avenue road (Arabic: شارع الحكومة) which became the new de facto coastline. Academics critiqued this as being the first example of public footpath access to coastlines being restricted by the priortisation of automobiles and roadway infrastructure as part of oil-driven modernisation. In 1936, the first causeway between Manama and the nearby island of Muharraq was constructed. The 1960s saw the establishment of a ringroad system around the capital Manama which connected to the newly developed Mina Salman industrial sea port, a site of land reclamation along the Manama peninsula southern coast. By the 1980s, land reclamation appeared outside Manama particularly in Seef, the Diplomatic Area, the Hidd dry docks. Bahrain's land area in 1981 was 665 km2 which had increased to 741 km2 by 2007 as a result of land reclamation, representing an 11% increase in land area and corresponding to 76 km2 of land reclaimed in 26 years. In 2005, an estimated three-quarters of the Juffair district's land area was reclaimed from the sea. In 2008, the Bahraini Ministry of Works has published official guidelines on land reclamation and dredging in the country.

Geography The vast majority of land reclamation projects in Bahrain are concentrated along the northern and eastern coastlines of the main Bahrain Island, alongside Muharraq island and Sitra island. This is primarily due to the shallow depth of the sea beds or reefs (termed locally as fasht) which regularly dry out at noon with the hot and arid climate, regularly leading to tidal flats.

Projects

The King Fahd Causeway project to Saudi Arabia included the creation of an artificial Passport Island to serve as a border crossing between the two nations. The Shaikh Khalifa bin Salman causeway connecting southern Manama and Mina Salman on the Bahraini mainland to Hidd on Muharraq island. The project involved significant land reclamation including the construction of a new artificial island called Prince Khalifa Bin Salman Island. Amwaj Islands - a mixed-use luxurious real estate project of 6 artificial islands reclaimed northeast of Muharraq island in 2003, it was marketed towards foreign investors of waterfront property. Bahrain Bay - a mixed residential and commercial district along the north coast of Manama. Bahrain Financial Harbour - a commercial complex built on reclaimed land in Manama. Diyar Al Muharraq - a 1,200 hectare archipelago of reclaimed land situated north of Muharraq island, adjacent to Amwaj islands. Dilmunia island - 1.4 km2 of reclaimed land east of Muharraq island. Durrat al Bahrain - a series of 15 man-made islands in the far southeastern tip of the main Bahrain island. East Sitra City - a social housing project built on reclaimed land off the eastern coast of Sitra. East Hidd City - a social housing project built on reclaimed land east of Hidd. Salman Town - an artificial series of islands home to social housing for up to 90,000 people, situated on the northwest shoreline of Bahrain. Reef Island - an artificial island in Seef. Seef - a commercial district west of Manama that was built on reclaimed land.

Environmental concerns Land reclamation is known to have significant effects on marine ecology. A 2013 study on fishing in Bahrain reported reductions in quantities of rabbitfish (Safi), spanish mackerel (Chan'ad), grouper (Hamour), and spangled emperor (Sha'ree) in the northern waters of Bahrain, the site of the highest concentration of land reclamation in the country. An estimated 95% of the native mangrove forests in Bahrain are thought to have been lost due to land reclamation in Bahrain. Tubli Bay, a Ramsar site, shrunk by 40% as a result of land reclamation, leading to significant loss of native mangrove forests. An additional 150 km2 of Bahrain's maritime area is believed to have been destroyed due to land reclamation.

See also Al Sayah Island - an island presently enveloped by reclaimed land. Geography of Bahrain Land reclamation in the United Arab Emirates Bahrain administrative reforms of the 1920s

References

Illustrations

Worked examples

Example 1 — a first encounter with Land reclamation in Bahrain

Start with the simplest possible case. Write down what Land reclamation in Bahrain claims or describes in one sentence, then invent the smallest concrete situation in which that sentence is true. In engineering, the smallest case is usually a single object, a single equation or a single measurement. Check that every symbol or term in your sentence has a meaning in that case.

Example 2 — changing one variable

Take the situation from Example 1 and change exactly one quantity: double it, halve it, or set it to zero. Predict what should happen to Land reclamation in Bahrain before you calculate. Comparing your prediction with the result is the fastest way to find out whether you understand the idea or only the words.

Example 3 — an exam-style question

Typical questions about Land reclamation in Bahrain ask you to (a) state it precisely, (b) apply it to given data, and (c) explain a limitation. Practise writing all three answers in under five minutes; the third part is what separates a full-mark answer from an average one.

Applications of Land reclamation in Bahrain

In research: Land reclamation in Bahrain appears in engineering research whenever the underlying quantities have to be modelled precisely. Papers usually cite it as a starting assumption and then explore where it breaks down.
In technology and industry: Engineering practice reuses Land reclamation in Bahrain in design rules, simulations and safety margins. Knowing the idea lets you read a specification sheet and understand why the numbers look the way they do.
In the classroom: Land reclamation in Bahrain is common in secondary-school and first-year university syllabi. It links to neighbouring topics Coastal engineering, Geography of Bahrain, Land reclamation by country, so understanding it makes those chapters shorter.
In everyday life: Look for Land reclamation in Bahrain outside the textbook — in sport, cooking, traffic, electronics or the sky above you. An example you found yourself is remembered far longer than one you were given.

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How to study Land reclamation in Bahrain in 20 minutes

Read the reference excerpt below once, without taking notes.
Close the page and write down what Land reclamation in Bahrain means in your own words.
Compare your version with the excerpt and mark what you missed.
Work through the three examples above with pen and paper.
Explain Land reclamation in Bahrain out loud to somebody else — or to Teacher Smith in the lgStudy chat.

Frequently asked questions

What is Land reclamation in Bahrain in simple terms?

Why does Land reclamation in Bahrain matter?

Because it connects several engineering ideas at once: it gives you a definition you can apply, a quantity you can calculate, and a way to check whether a result is plausible.

How should I study Land reclamation in Bahrain?

Read the excerpt, restate it from memory, then work through the examples and applications listed on this page. The five-step study plan above takes about twenty minutes.

What does this page cover?

It gives you a compact reference excerpt plus original lgStudy explanations, examples, applications and study material on Land reclamation in Bahrain.