chemistry

Lanthanum manganite

Lanthanum manganite is a chemistry topic covered in the lgStudy science library. This page brings together a partial reference excerpt, illustrations, worked examples, real-world applications and a short study plan, so you can understand Lanthanum manganite rather than just read about it. In short: Lanthanum manganite is an inorganic compound with the formula LaMnO3, often abbreviated as LMO. Lanthanum manganite is formed in the perovskite structure, consisting of oxygen octahedra with a central Mn atom.

Key takeaways

Lanthanum manganite belongs to chemistry; place it in that map before memorising details.
Learn the definition first, then one example that makes the definition concrete.
Connect Lanthanum manganite to a quantity you can measure, compute or draw — that is where exam questions come from.
Reproduce the core statement of Lanthanum manganite from memory before moving on to harder problems.

Reference excerpt

Lanthanum manganite is an inorganic compound with the formula LaMnO3, often abbreviated as LMO. Lanthanum manganite is formed in the perovskite structure, consisting of oxygen octahedra with a central Mn atom. The cubic perovskite structure is distorted into an orthorhombic structure by a strong Jahn–Teller distortion of the oxygen octahedra. LaMnO3 often has lanthanum vacancies as evidenced by neutron scattering. For this reason, this material is usually referred as LaMnO3+ẟ. These vacancies generate a structure with a rhombohedral unit cell in this perovskite. At temperatures below 140 K, this LaMnO3+ẟ semiconductor exhibit a ferromagnetic order.

Synthesis Lanthanum manganite can be prepared via solid-state reactions at high temperatures, using their oxides or carbonates. An alternative method is to use lanthanum nitrate and manganese nitrate as raw materials. The reaction occurs at high temperature after the solvents are vaporized.

Lanthanum manganite alloys Lanthanum manganite is an electrical insulator and an A-type antiferromagnet. It is the parent compound of several important alloys, often termed rare-earth manganites or colossal magnetoresistance oxides. These families include lanthanum strontium manganite, lanthanum calcium manganite and others. In lanthanum manganite, both the La and the Mn are in the +3 oxidation state. Substitution of some of the La atoms by divalent atoms such as Sr or Ca induces a similar amount of tetravalent Mn4+ ions. Such substitution, or doping can induce various electronic effects, which form the basis of a rich and complex electron correlation phenomena that yield diverse electronic phase diagrams in these alloys.

See also Super exchange Double exchange Jahn–Teller effect Electron correlation

References

Illustrations

Worked examples

Example 1 — a first encounter with Lanthanum manganite

Start with the simplest possible case. Write down what Lanthanum manganite claims or describes in one sentence, then invent the smallest concrete situation in which that sentence is true. In chemistry, the smallest case is usually a single object, a single equation or a single measurement. Check that every symbol or term in your sentence has a meaning in that case.

Example 2 — changing one variable

Take the situation from Example 1 and change exactly one quantity: double it, halve it, or set it to zero. Predict what should happen to Lanthanum manganite before you calculate. Comparing your prediction with the result is the fastest way to find out whether you understand the idea or only the words.

Example 3 — an exam-style question

Typical questions about Lanthanum manganite ask you to (a) state it precisely, (b) apply it to given data, and (c) explain a limitation. Practise writing all three answers in under five minutes; the third part is what separates a full-mark answer from an average one.

Applications of Lanthanum manganite

In research: Lanthanum manganite appears in chemistry research whenever the underlying quantities have to be modelled precisely. Papers usually cite it as a starting assumption and then explore where it breaks down.
In technology and industry: Engineering practice reuses Lanthanum manganite in design rules, simulations and safety margins. Knowing the idea lets you read a specification sheet and understand why the numbers look the way they do.
In the classroom: Lanthanum manganite is common in secondary-school and first-year university syllabi. It links to neighbouring topics Lanthanum compounds, Manganese(III) compounds, Perovskites, so understanding it makes those chapters shorter.
In everyday life: Look for Lanthanum manganite outside the textbook — in sport, cooking, traffic, electronics or the sky above you. An example you found yourself is remembered far longer than one you were given.

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How to study Lanthanum manganite in 20 minutes

Read the reference excerpt below once, without taking notes.
Close the page and write down what Lanthanum manganite means in your own words.
Compare your version with the excerpt and mark what you missed.
Work through the three examples above with pen and paper.
Explain Lanthanum manganite out loud to somebody else — or to Teacher Smith in the lgStudy chat.

Frequently asked questions

What is Lanthanum manganite in simple terms?

Why does Lanthanum manganite matter?

Because it connects several chemistry ideas at once: it gives you a definition you can apply, a quantity you can calculate, and a way to check whether a result is plausible.

How should I study Lanthanum manganite?

Read the excerpt, restate it from memory, then work through the examples and applications listed on this page. The five-step study plan above takes about twenty minutes.

What does this page cover?

It gives you a compact reference excerpt plus original lgStudy explanations, examples, applications and study material on Lanthanum manganite.