physics

Laurence D. Marks

Laurence D. Marks is a physics topic covered in the lgStudy science library. This page brings together a partial reference excerpt, illustrations, worked examples, real-world applications and a short study plan, so you can understand Laurence D. Marks rather than just read about it. In short: Laurence Daniel Marks (born July 4, 1954) is an American physicist. He is a professor emeritus of materials science and engineering at Northwestern University.

Key takeaways

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Reference excerpt

Laurence Daniel Marks (born July 4, 1954) is an American physicist. He is a professor emeritus of materials science and engineering at Northwestern University. He has contributed to the study of nanoparticles and worked in the fields of electron microscopy, diffraction, and crystallography.

Early life and education Marks attended Trinity School of John Whitgift in Croydon, England. He played chess competitively for the school and won the British Chess Championship Under 21 in 1973. Marks graduated from King's College, Cambridge, with a B.A. in chemistry in 1976. From 1976 to 1980, he was a research student at the Cavendish Laboratory at Cambridge, where he worked with Archibald Howie on electron microscopy and the structure of metal crystals. He received his Ph.D. in physics from the University of Cambridge in 1980. His dissertation was titled, The Structure of Small Silver Particles.

Career From 1980 to 1983, Marks was a post-doctoral research assistant at the Cavendish Laboratory. From 1983 to 1985, he was a post-doctoral research assistant with the Department of Physics at Arizona State University in Tempe, Arizona. In March 1985, Marks joined the faculty of Northwestern University as an assistant professor in the Department of Materials Science & Engineering. He received a Sloan Research Fellowship for physics in 1987. Marks was promoted to professor in June 1992. He was chair of the IUCr Commission on Electron Crystallography for two terms from 2005 to 2010. In 2019, he was a senior visiting scientist with the Suzhou Institute of Nano-tech and Nano-bionics (SINANO) of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. In July 2023, Marks was selected for a Fulbright U.S. Scholar Program that allowed him to study triboelecticity in Australia. As of September 2023, Marks is an emeritus professor at Northwestern University. Starting from his PhD work, he studied nanotwinning, leading toward a way to directly image the atomic scale of nano-surfaces. One of his early research efforts led to the discovery of a type of nanoparticle now known as the Marks decahedron. He has been actively involved in many aspects of electron microscope development, including new methods to solve surface structures as well as using these instruments to discover phenomena such as graphitic materials on hip implants. He also studies how static electricity is generated by rubbing, a phenomenon known as the triboelectric effect.

Awards and honors In 1989, Marks received the Burton Award from the Microscopy Society of America for achievements in the fields of microscopy and microanalysis by a scientist under 40 years of age. He received the Bertram E. Warren Award from the American Crystallographic Association in 2015 and the International Conference on the Structure of Surfaces Prize in 2017. Marks was elected as a fellow of the American Physical Society in 2001, for his "contributions to quantitative imaging and diffraction methods for determining the atomic structure of surfaces and bulk materials", and a fellow of the Microscopy Society of America in 2017.

Selected publications Marks, L. D.; Howie, A. (November 1979). "Multiply-twinned particles in silver catalysts". Nature. 282 (5735): 196–198. Bibcode:1979Natur.282..196M. doi:10.1038/282196a0. S2CID 4256301. Marks, L. D. (September 12, 1983). "Direct Imaging of Carbon-Covered and Clean Gold (110) Surfaces". Physical Review Letters. 51 (11): 1000–1002. Bibcode:1983PhRvL..51.1000M. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.51.1000. Marks, L. D.; Smith, David J. (May 1983). "Direct surface imaging in small metal particles". Nature. 303 (5915): 316–317. Bibcode:1983Natur.303..316M. doi:10.1038/303316a0. S2CID 4333265. Marks, L. D. (July 1984). "Surface structure and energetics of multiply twinned particles". Philosophical Magazine A. 49 (1): 81–93. Bibcode:1984PMagA..49...81M. doi:10.1080/01418618408233431. Howie, A.; Marks, L. D. (July 1984). "Elastic strains and the energy balance for multiply twinned particles". Philosophical Magazine A. 49 (1): 95–109. Bibcode:1984PMagA..49...95H. doi:10.1080/01418618408233432. Ajayan, P. M.; Marks, L. D. (February 15, 1988). "Quasimelting and phases of small particles". Physical Review Letters. 60 (7): 585–587. Bibcode:1988PhRvL..60..585A. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.60.585. PMID 10038590. Marks, L D (June 1, 1994). "Experimental studies of small particle structures". Reports on Progress in Physics. 57 (6): 603–649. Bibcode:1994RPPh...57..603M. doi:10.1088/0034-4885/57/6/002. S2CID 250897500. Bengu, E.; Marks, L. D. (March 12, 2001). "Single-Walled BN Nanostructures". Physical Review Letters. 86 (11): 2385–2387. Bibcode:2001PhRvL..86.2385B. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.86.2385. PMID 11289935. Erdman, Natasha; Poeppelmeier, Kenneth R.; Asta, Mark; Warschkow, Oliver; Ellis, Donald E.; Marks, Laurence D. (September 2002). "The structure and chemistry of the TiO2-rich surface of SrTiO3 (001)". Nature. 419 (6902): 55–58. doi:10.1038/nature01010. PMID 12214229. S2CID 4384784. Liao, Y.; Pourzal, R.; Wimmer, M. A.; Jacobs, J. J.; Fischer, A.; Marks, L. D. (December 23, 2011). "Graphitic Tribological Layers in Metal-on-Metal Hip Replacements". Science. 334 (6063): 1687–1690. Bibcode:2011Sci...334.1687L. doi:10.1126/science.1213902. PMID 22194573. S2CID 15994675. Ding, Kunlun; Gulec, Ahmet; Johnson, Alexis M.; Schweitzer, Neil M.; Stucky, Galen D.; Marks, Laurence D.; Stair, Peter C. (October 9, 2015). "Identification of active sites in CO oxidation and water-gas shift over supported Pt catalysts". Science. 350 (6257): 189–192. Bibcode:2015Sci...350..189D. doi:10.1126/science.aac6368. PMID 26338796. S2CID 13351469. Mizzi, C. A.; Lin, A. Y. W.; Marks, L. D. (September 12, 2019). "Does Flexoelectricity Drive Triboelectricity?". Physical Review Letters. 123 (11) 116103. arXiv:1904.10383. Bibcode:2019PhRvL.123k6103M. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.123.116103. ISSN 0031-9007. PMID 31573269. Blaha, Peter; Schwarz, Karlheinz; Tran, Fabien; Laskowski, Robert; Madsen, Georg K. H.; Marks, Laurence D. (February 21, 2020). "WIEN2k: An APW+lo program for calculating the properties of solids". The Journal of Chemical Physics. 152 (7): 074101. Bibcode:2020JChPh.152g4101B. doi:10.1063/1.5143061. PMID 32087668. S2CID 211260657.

References

External links

The Marks Research Group Television interview of Marks on his static electricity research (Archived at the Wayback Machine (archived November 12, 2023))

Illustrations

Worked examples

Example 1 — a first encounter with Laurence D. Marks

Start with the simplest possible case. Write down what Laurence D. Marks claims or describes in one sentence, then invent the smallest concrete situation in which that sentence is true. In physics, the smallest case is usually a single object, a single equation or a single measurement. Check that every symbol or term in your sentence has a meaning in that case.

Example 2 — changing one variable

Take the situation from Example 1 and change exactly one quantity: double it, halve it, or set it to zero. Predict what should happen to Laurence D. Marks before you calculate. Comparing your prediction with the result is the fastest way to find out whether you understand the idea or only the words.

Example 3 — an exam-style question

Typical questions about Laurence D. Marks ask you to (a) state it precisely, (b) apply it to given data, and (c) explain a limitation. Practise writing all three answers in under five minutes; the third part is what separates a full-mark answer from an average one.

Applications of Laurence D. Marks

In research: Laurence D. Marks appears in physics research whenever the underlying quantities have to be modelled precisely. Papers usually cite it as a starting assumption and then explore where it breaks down.
In technology and industry: Engineering practice reuses Laurence D. Marks in design rules, simulations and safety margins. Knowing the idea lets you read a specification sheet and understand why the numbers look the way they do.
In the classroom: Laurence D. Marks is common in secondary-school and first-year university syllabi. It links to neighbouring topics 1954 births, 20th-century American physicists, 21st-century American physicists, so understanding it makes those chapters shorter.
In everyday life: Look for Laurence D. Marks outside the textbook — in sport, cooking, traffic, electronics or the sky above you. An example you found yourself is remembered far longer than one you were given.

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Frequently asked questions

What is Laurence D. Marks in simple terms?

Laurence Daniel Marks (born July 4, 1954) is an American physicist. He is a professor emeritus of materials science and engineering at Northwestern University.

Why does Laurence D. Marks matter?

Because it connects several physics ideas at once: it gives you a definition you can apply, a quantity you can calculate, and a way to check whether a result is plausible.

How should I study Laurence D. Marks?

Read the excerpt, restate it from memory, then work through the examples and applications listed on this page. The five-step study plan above takes about twenty minutes.

What does this page cover?

It gives you a compact reference excerpt plus original lgStudy explanations, examples, applications and study material on Laurence D. Marks.