biology

Legume Information System

Legume Information System is a biology topic covered in the lgStudy science library. This page brings together a partial reference excerpt, illustrations, worked examples, real-world applications and a short study plan, so you can understand Legume Information System rather than just read about it. In short: The Legume Information System (LIS) is legume sciences portal specifically for legume breeders and researchers, established and supported by the Agricultural Research Service of the United States Department of Agriculture. The mission of the Legume Information System is "to facilitate discoveries and crop improvement in the legumes," in particular to improve crop yields, their nutritional value, and our understandin…

Key takeaways

Legume Information System belongs to biology; place it in that map before memorising details.
Learn the definition first, then one example that makes the definition concrete.
Connect Legume Information System to a quantity you can measure, compute or draw — that is where exam questions come from.
Reproduce the core statement of Legume Information System from memory before moving on to harder problems.

Reference excerpt

The Legume Information System (LIS) is legume sciences portal specifically for legume breeders and researchers, established and supported by the Agricultural Research Service of the United States Department of Agriculture. The mission of the Legume Information System is "to facilitate discoveries and crop improvement in the legumes," in particular to improve crop yields, their nutritional value, and our understanding of basic legume science. Development of the Legume Information System is a joint venture between the National Center for Genome Resources (NCGR) and the USDA-ARS at Iowa State University. In 2014, development effort on LIS shifted from the comparative-legumes.org domain to legumeinfo.org. The comparative-legumes site was developed using the Ruby on Rails framework, and the LegumeInfo site is developed using the Tripal content management system.

The reference species as a backbone for orphan species research A fundamental approach taken in LIS is facilitate research in the orphan species by taking advantage of more extensive knowledge developed for the reference species. Use of synteny and local similarity, for instance, provides a basis for trait inference.

Reference species Note that LIS makes use of the UniProt organism mnemonics for identifying species whenever possible. The current legume reference species (also referred to as model organisms) are the following:

Glycine max (soybean), GLYMA Lotus japonicus (lotus), LOTJA Medicago truncatula (barrel medic), MEDTR Phaseolus vulgaris (common bean), PHAVU

Orphan species Orphan species represented at LIS are:

Arachis duranensis (wild peanut), ARADU Arachis ipaensis (wild peanut), ARAIP Arachis hypogaea (peanut), ARAHY Cajanus cajan (pigeon pea), CAJCA Chamaecrista fasciculata (partidge pea), CHAFS Cicer arietinum (chickpea), CICAR Lens culinaris (lentil), LENCU Lupinus albus (white lupin), LUPAL Lupinus angustifolius (narrow-leafed lupin), LUPAN Medicago sativa (alfalfa), MEDSA Pisum sativum (garden pea), PISSA Trifolium pratense (red clover), TRIPR Trifolium repens (white clover), TRIRE Vicia faba (faba bean), VICFA Vigna angularis (adzuki bean), VIGAN Vigna unguiculata (cowpea), VIGUN

Worked examples

Example 1 — a first encounter with Legume Information System

Start with the simplest possible case. Write down what Legume Information System claims or describes in one sentence, then invent the smallest concrete situation in which that sentence is true. In biology, the smallest case is usually a single object, a single equation or a single measurement. Check that every symbol or term in your sentence has a meaning in that case.

Example 2 — changing one variable

Take the situation from Example 1 and change exactly one quantity: double it, halve it, or set it to zero. Predict what should happen to Legume Information System before you calculate. Comparing your prediction with the result is the fastest way to find out whether you understand the idea or only the words.

Example 3 — an exam-style question

Typical questions about Legume Information System ask you to (a) state it precisely, (b) apply it to given data, and (c) explain a limitation. Practise writing all three answers in under five minutes; the third part is what separates a full-mark answer from an average one.

Applications of Legume Information System

In research: Legume Information System appears in biology research whenever the underlying quantities have to be modelled precisely. Papers usually cite it as a starting assumption and then explore where it breaks down.
In technology and industry: Engineering practice reuses Legume Information System in design rules, simulations and safety margins. Knowing the idea lets you read a specification sheet and understand why the numbers look the way they do.
In the classroom: Legume Information System is common in secondary-school and first-year university syllabi. It links to neighbouring topics Agricultural research, Biological databases, Web portals, so understanding it makes those chapters shorter.
In everyday life: Look for Legume Information System outside the textbook — in sport, cooking, traffic, electronics or the sky above you. An example you found yourself is remembered far longer than one you were given.

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How to study Legume Information System in 20 minutes

Read the reference excerpt below once, without taking notes.
Close the page and write down what Legume Information System means in your own words.
Compare your version with the excerpt and mark what you missed.
Work through the three examples above with pen and paper.
Explain Legume Information System out loud to somebody else — or to Teacher Smith in the lgStudy chat.

Frequently asked questions

What is Legume Information System in simple terms?

Why does Legume Information System matter?

Because it connects several biology ideas at once: it gives you a definition you can apply, a quantity you can calculate, and a way to check whether a result is plausible.

How should I study Legume Information System?

Read the excerpt, restate it from memory, then work through the examples and applications listed on this page. The five-step study plan above takes about twenty minutes.

What does this page cover?

It gives you a compact reference excerpt plus original lgStudy explanations, examples, applications and study material on Legume Information System.