science

Leslie Collier

Leslie Collier is a science topic covered in the lgStudy science library. This page brings together a partial reference excerpt, illustrations, worked examples, real-world applications and a short study plan, so you can understand Leslie Collier rather than just read about it. In short: Leslie Harold Collier (9 February 1921 – 14 March 2011) was a scientist responsible for developing a freeze-drying method to produce a more heat stable smallpox vaccine in the late 1940s. Collier added a key component, peptone, a soluble protein, to the process.

Key takeaways

Leslie Collier belongs to science; place it in that map before memorising details.
Learn the definition first, then one example that makes the definition concrete.
Connect Leslie Collier to a quantity you can measure, compute or draw — that is where exam questions come from.
Reproduce the core statement of Leslie Collier from memory before moving on to harder problems.

Reference excerpt

Leslie Harold Collier (9 February 1921 – 14 March 2011) was a scientist responsible for developing a freeze-drying method to produce a more heat stable smallpox vaccine in the late 1940s. Collier added a key component, peptone, a soluble protein, to the process. This protected the virus, enabling the production of a heat-stable vaccine in powdered form. Previously, smallpox vaccines would become ineffective after 1–2 days at ambient temperature. The development of his vaccine production method played a large role in enabling the World Health Organization to initiate its global smallpox eradication campaign in 1967.

Publications Collier was a co-editor of the eighth edition and editor-in-chief of the five-volume ninth edition of the "microbiologist’s bible", Topley and Wilson's Principles of Bacteriology and Immunity (now Topley and Wilson's Microbiology and Microbial Infections), which won the Society of Authors' 1998 award in the advanced edited book category.He was also joint editor of Developments in Antiviral Chemotherapy (1980).He was a co-author of Human Virology (1993).

References

External links Leslie Collier on the History of Modern Biomedicine Research Group website

Worked examples

Example 1 — a first encounter with Leslie Collier

Start with the simplest possible case. Write down what Leslie Collier claims or describes in one sentence, then invent the smallest concrete situation in which that sentence is true. In science, the smallest case is usually a single object, a single equation or a single measurement. Check that every symbol or term in your sentence has a meaning in that case.

Example 2 — changing one variable

Take the situation from Example 1 and change exactly one quantity: double it, halve it, or set it to zero. Predict what should happen to Leslie Collier before you calculate. Comparing your prediction with the result is the fastest way to find out whether you understand the idea or only the words.

Example 3 — an exam-style question

Typical questions about Leslie Collier ask you to (a) state it precisely, (b) apply it to given data, and (c) explain a limitation. Practise writing all three answers in under five minutes; the third part is what separates a full-mark answer from an average one.

Applications of Leslie Collier

In research: Leslie Collier appears in science research whenever the underlying quantities have to be modelled precisely. Papers usually cite it as a starting assumption and then explore where it breaks down.
In technology and industry: Engineering practice reuses Leslie Collier in design rules, simulations and safety margins. Knowing the idea lets you read a specification sheet and understand why the numbers look the way they do.
In the classroom: Leslie Collier is common in secondary-school and first-year university syllabi. It links to neighbouring topics 1921 births, 2011 deaths, Alumni of the UCL Medical School, so understanding it makes those chapters shorter.
In everyday life: Look for Leslie Collier outside the textbook — in sport, cooking, traffic, electronics or the sky above you. An example you found yourself is remembered far longer than one you were given.

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How to study Leslie Collier in 20 minutes

Read the reference excerpt below once, without taking notes.
Close the page and write down what Leslie Collier means in your own words.
Compare your version with the excerpt and mark what you missed.
Work through the three examples above with pen and paper.
Explain Leslie Collier out loud to somebody else — or to Teacher Smith in the lgStudy chat.

Frequently asked questions

What is Leslie Collier in simple terms?

Why does Leslie Collier matter?

Because it connects several science ideas at once: it gives you a definition you can apply, a quantity you can calculate, and a way to check whether a result is plausible.

How should I study Leslie Collier?

Read the excerpt, restate it from memory, then work through the examples and applications listed on this page. The five-step study plan above takes about twenty minutes.

What does this page cover?

It gives you a compact reference excerpt plus original lgStudy explanations, examples, applications and study material on Leslie Collier.