physics

Li Fanghua

Li Fanghua is a physics topic covered in the lgStudy science library. This page brings together a partial reference excerpt, illustrations, worked examples, real-world applications and a short study plan, so you can understand Li Fanghua rather than just read about it. In short: Li Fanghua (Chinese: 李方华; 6 January 1932 – 24 January 2020) was a Hong Kong-born Chinese physicist. She was a member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, The World Academy of Sciences, and the International Union of Crystallography.

Key takeaways

Li Fanghua belongs to physics; place it in that map before memorising details.
Learn the definition first, then one example that makes the definition concrete.
Connect Li Fanghua to a quantity you can measure, compute or draw — that is where exam questions come from.
Reproduce the core statement of Li Fanghua from memory before moving on to harder problems.

Reference excerpt

Li Fanghua (Chinese: 李方华; 6 January 1932 – 24 January 2020) was a Hong Kong-born Chinese physicist. She was a member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, The World Academy of Sciences, and the International Union of Crystallography. She was also the director of Chinese Society of Physics and China Union of Crystallography, and an editor of the Journal of Chinese Electron Microscopy Society, J. Electron Microscopy, Chinese Physics Letter, and Chinese Journal of Physics. Li won the L'Oréal-UNESCO Awards for Women in Science in 2003. She was fluent in English, French, German, Japanese, and Russian.

Biography

Early years Li Fanghua was born in Hong Kong in 1932. Because her father was a business partner in Hong Kong, the family initially settled in Hong Kong. Her father, Li Jiong, participated in the 1911 Revolution in his early years and served as a major general of the Fourth Army of the National Revolutionary Army. In 1937, after the Lugouqiao Incident, in order to avoid Japanese invaders, they moved their family to Deqing County, Guangdong Province. In 1938, her mother returned to Hong Kong with her two brothers and her, without her father, for the sake of the children’s studies. One year later, the family moved to Shanghai with her neighbors. Three years later, she moved to Beijing’s, to her grandmother’s home. Beijing No. 56 Middle School). In 1947, her mother took her and her younger brother back to Guangzhou, and her father arranged for her to board the second grade of Peidao Girls’ High School.

Studies and research In 1949, when she graduated from high school, Li Fanghua was sent to the Department of Physics of Lingnan University, and at the same time she was admitted to the Department of Astronomy of Sun Yat-sen University. In September, she entered Lingnan University. Because the teachers often used English to give lectures, she consulted English reference books after class, and thus improved her English reading ability. In October, Guangzhou was liberated and public schools opened, and she transferred to the Department of Astronomy at Sun Yat-Sen University.

In 1950, Li Fanghua was admitted to the Department of Physics of Wuhan University as a first year student. In 1952, the state selected students from the second year of colleges and universities to take the exam for studying abroad in the Soviet Union. Wuhan University recommended Li Fanghua to take the exam and was admitted. In March, Li Fanghua entered the Preparatory Department of Beijing Russian Language School, specializing in Russian. In the autumn of the same year, she went to the Soviet Union and entered the Department of Physics of Leningrad University, a state university of the former Soviet Union. There were also three former students from the Department of Physics of Tsinghua University, Qing Chengrui, Gu Yifan and Huang Shengnian. In order to shorten the length of study, Li Fanghua and the three fought to transfer to the second grade together, and obtained the approval of the dean of the department. In 1955, Li Fanghua taught in Middle Asia. Under the guidance of Rums (М.Α.Яумшь), she began to prepare her graduation thesis, the title of which was "Study on Electron Diffraction of In-situ Evaporated Bismuth Metal Thin Films". In 1956, Li Fanghua graduated from the Department of Physics of Leningrad University in the Soviet Union. In 1960, Shi Ruwei (then director of the Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences) arranged for Li Fanghua to independently carry out electron diffraction research, so that she could take the scientific knowledge learned in the Soviet Union into China. "Single crystal electron diffraction" structure analysis research. The Cultural Revolution (1966-1976) interrupted her studies; ultimately she accessed the Leningrad University's library to continue studies. In October 1982, Li Fanghua went to the Department of Applied Physics, Osaka University, Japan as a visiting scholar (until May 1983), and carried two new domestically produced minerals: Yellow River ore and bastnaesium ore, hoping to use the Japanese super-high resolution electron microscope. There are new discoveries in domestic minerals by the electron microscope.[6]

Honors and awards In 1984, Li Fanghua's research group won the second prize of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Scientific and Technological Achievement Award with the project "The establishment of lattice image and direct observation of crystal structure".[6] In 1991, Li Fanghua won the Ye Qisun Physics Prize of the Chinese Physical Society.[6] In 1992, Li Fanghua won the Hashimoto First Jiro Award (personal award) from the Chinese Society of Electron Microscopy.[6] In 1993, Li Fanghua was elected as an academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences.[6] In 1996, Li Fanghua served as the chairman of the Chinese Society of Electron Microscopy (until 2000).[6] In 1998, Li Fanghua was elected as an academician of the Third World Academy of Sciences.[6] 2001 Elected one of the Top 10 Outstanding Women by the Chinese Academy of Sciences In 2002, at the time of her 70th birthday, the academic journal "Ultramicroscopy" of the International Society for Electron Microscopy published a special issue to celebrate her. 20 years ago, working photos in the conference room of the Institute of Physics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, with Academician Li Fanghua on the right and Academician Fan Haifu on the second. Fan Haifu is an academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and an academician of the Third World Academy of Sciences. He is also the husband of Academician Li Fanghua.[6] On February 27, 2003, Li Fanghua won the L'Oréal-UNESCO For Women in Science Awards and was the first Chinese scientist to receive the award.[6] In 2009, Li Fanghua won the He Liang He Li Foundation Science and Technology Progress Award; the monograph "Electronic Crystallography and Image Processing" written in the same year was published.[6]

Personal life Li was married to fellow physicist Fan Haifu.

… excerpt ends here. Continue reading the full article.

Worked examples

Example 1 — a first encounter with Li Fanghua

Start with the simplest possible case. Write down what Li Fanghua claims or describes in one sentence, then invent the smallest concrete situation in which that sentence is true. In physics, the smallest case is usually a single object, a single equation or a single measurement. Check that every symbol or term in your sentence has a meaning in that case.

Example 2 — changing one variable

Take the situation from Example 1 and change exactly one quantity: double it, halve it, or set it to zero. Predict what should happen to Li Fanghua before you calculate. Comparing your prediction with the result is the fastest way to find out whether you understand the idea or only the words.

Example 3 — an exam-style question

Typical questions about Li Fanghua ask you to (a) state it precisely, (b) apply it to given data, and (c) explain a limitation. Practise writing all three answers in under five minutes; the third part is what separates a full-mark answer from an average one.

Applications of Li Fanghua

In research: Li Fanghua appears in physics research whenever the underlying quantities have to be modelled precisely. Papers usually cite it as a starting assumption and then explore where it breaks down.
In technology and industry: Engineering practice reuses Li Fanghua in design rules, simulations and safety margins. Knowing the idea lets you read a specification sheet and understand why the numbers look the way they do.
In the classroom: Li Fanghua is common in secondary-school and first-year university syllabi. It links to neighbouring topics 1932 births, 2020 deaths, 21st-century Chinese women scientists, so understanding it makes those chapters shorter.
In everyday life: Look for Li Fanghua outside the textbook — in sport, cooking, traffic, electronics or the sky above you. An example you found yourself is remembered far longer than one you were given.

Ask Teacher Smith questions about this articleOpens your AI tutor with a question about “Li Fanghua” →

Affiliate

Preply — study more efficiently by working with a personal tutor. 50% off.

How to study Li Fanghua in 20 minutes

Read the reference excerpt below once, without taking notes.
Close the page and write down what Li Fanghua means in your own words.
Compare your version with the excerpt and mark what you missed.
Work through the three examples above with pen and paper.
Explain Li Fanghua out loud to somebody else — or to Teacher Smith in the lgStudy chat.

Frequently asked questions

What is Li Fanghua in simple terms?

Why does Li Fanghua matter?

Because it connects several physics ideas at once: it gives you a definition you can apply, a quantity you can calculate, and a way to check whether a result is plausible.

How should I study Li Fanghua?

Read the excerpt, restate it from memory, then work through the examples and applications listed on this page. The five-step study plan above takes about twenty minutes.

What does this page cover?

It gives you a compact reference excerpt plus original lgStudy explanations, examples, applications and study material on Li Fanghua.