Li Liying

Key takeaways

Li Liying belongs to science; place it in that map before memorising details.
Learn the definition first, then one example that makes the definition concrete.
Connect Li Liying to a quantity you can measure, compute or draw — that is where exam questions come from.
Reproduce the core statement of Li Liying from memory before moving on to harder problems.

Reference excerpt

Li Liying (born 1932. Liying Li) is a research fellow at the Institute of Zoology of Guangdong Academy of Sciences. She has developed pest control techniques that are used to treat millions of hectares of crops and forests worldwide. She has published more than 110 papers and 9 books. In 2000, Li Liying became an Honorary Member of the International Congress of Entomology having previously been a member (1984–2000) and vice president (1992–2000). In 2008, she was made an Honorary Member of IOBC Global. In 2020, Li Liying was awarded a Certificate of Distinction for Outstanding Achievements from the Council for International Congresses of Entomology (ICE Council) in Finland.

Education Li Liying was able to complete middle school at Shanghai Middle School on a scholarship. After graduating in 1949, she was admitted to study agronomy at Beijing Agricultural University (newly formed from the agricultural colleges of Tsinghua University, Beijing University, and North China University.) In 1951, the Chinese Government sent her to Timiryazev Agricultural Academy in Moscow, Russia. She did well despite initially poor Russian language skills, graduating in 1956. During her last year of study she conducted fieldwork on control of pests in cotton: the two-spotted spider mite and cotton aphid. She and other workers were exposed to highly toxic organophosphates during aerial spraying of the fields. This experience led to her to search for safer alternatives, focusing on the use of beneficial insects to control agricultural pests.

Career Li Liying returned to China in 1956, joining the Entomological Institute of the Academia Sinica (later the Zoological Institute). From 1956 to 1957 she studied soil insects of the Yangtze and Yellow River; from 1959 to 1960 the rice yellow stem borer in Hunan Province; and later the cotton bollworm. In 1959, Li Liying married Pang Xiongfei (1929–2004), who was also a pest control scientist. In May 1961 she moved to Guangzhou, where she worked at the Center South Entomological Institute of the Academia Sinica (later Guangdong Entomological Institute; Guangdong Institute of Applied Biological Resources; Zoological Institute, Guangdong Academy of Sciences). Li Liying served as chief senior scientist, and later as director of Guangdong Entomological Institute from 1984–1992. In 1970, Pang Xiongfei became the leader of the newly established Rice Pests Biological Control Working Group. Li Liying also joined the group, which partnered with Sun Yat-sen University and South China Agricultural College (later South China Agricultural University). They worked with farmers to use indigenous methods of biological pest control and established biological control stations throughout Guangdong Province and Hainan Island. The pests they studied included rice leafroller and rice yellow stem borer. Li Liying visited and studied at the All Soviet Union Institute of Plant Biological Protection, Chișinău, Moldavian SSR, Soviet Union in 1989 (with Shoil Greenberg) and in 1991 (with Ms. Chen Qiaoxian). In 1993, she and her colleagues trained scientists from nine countries in the in vitro raising of Trichogramma for pest control. LI has fostered cooperation of entomologists in China and the rest of the world. Li Liying has served as the Director of Guangdong Institute of Entomology (now GDAS Institute of Zoology), the President of the Entomological Society of China, and Executive Director of the International Plant Protection Congress and Asia-Pacific Congress of Entomology. She has been a member of the Executive Council for the International Plant Protection Congresses (1987–2001) and a member of the Council for the Asia-Pacific Conferences of Entomology (1989–1999).

Research Li studies integrated pest control for agriculture and forestry, particularly biological pest control. LI Liying has pioneered the breeding and use of natural enemies for pests, in particular the use of artificial eggs for the breeding of Anastatus and Trichogramma wasps such as T. dendrolimi and T. chilonis. She has helped to develop methods of pest control using Entomopathogenic nematodes and a predatory pentatomid, Eucanthecona furcellata.

Awards 1995, International Plant Protection Award of Distinction (IPPAD) from the International Association for the Plant Protection Sciences. 2000, Honorary member of the International Congress of Entomology 2008, Honorary Member of IOBC Global 2020, Certificate of Distinction for Outstanding Achievements from the Council for International Congresses of Entomology (ICE Council) in Finland.

References

Worked examples

Example 1 — a first encounter with Li Liying

Start with the simplest possible case. Write down what Li Liying claims or describes in one sentence, then invent the smallest concrete situation in which that sentence is true. In science, the smallest case is usually a single object, a single equation or a single measurement. Check that every symbol or term in your sentence has a meaning in that case.

Example 2 — changing one variable

Take the situation from Example 1 and change exactly one quantity: double it, halve it, or set it to zero. Predict what should happen to Li Liying before you calculate. Comparing your prediction with the result is the fastest way to find out whether you understand the idea or only the words.

Example 3 — an exam-style question

Typical questions about Li Liying ask you to (a) state it precisely, (b) apply it to given data, and (c) explain a limitation. Practise writing all three answers in under five minutes; the third part is what separates a full-mark answer from an average one.

Applications of Li Liying

In research: Li Liying appears in science research whenever the underlying quantities have to be modelled precisely. Papers usually cite it as a starting assumption and then explore where it breaks down.
In technology and industry: Engineering practice reuses Li Liying in design rules, simulations and safety margins. Knowing the idea lets you read a specification sheet and understand why the numbers look the way they do.
In the classroom: Li Liying is common in secondary-school and first-year university syllabi. It links to neighbouring topics 1932 births, 20th-century Chinese women scientists, 21st-century Chinese women scientists, so understanding it makes those chapters shorter.
In everyday life: Look for Li Liying outside the textbook — in sport, cooking, traffic, electronics or the sky above you. An example you found yourself is remembered far longer than one you were given.

How to study Li Liying in 20 minutes

Read the reference excerpt below once, without taking notes.
Close the page and write down what Li Liying means in your own words.
Compare your version with the excerpt and mark what you missed.
Work through the three examples above with pen and paper.
Explain Li Liying out loud to somebody else — or to Teacher Smith in the lgStudy chat.

Frequently asked questions

What is Li Liying in simple terms?

Li Liying (born 1932. Liying Li) is a research fellow at the Institute of Zoology of Guangdong Academy of Sciences.

Why does Li Liying matter?

Because it connects several science ideas at once: it gives you a definition you can apply, a quantity you can calculate, and a way to check whether a result is plausible.

How should I study Li Liying?

Read the excerpt, restate it from memory, then work through the examples and applications listed on this page. The five-step study plan above takes about twenty minutes.

What does this page cover?

It gives you a compact reference excerpt plus original lgStudy explanations, examples, applications and study material on Li Liying.