The lime tree, or linden, (Tilia) is important in the mythology, literature, and folklore of a number of cultures.
Cultural significance
Slavic culture In Slavic folklore, the linden (lipa / липа, as called in most Slavic languages, from Proto-Slavic *lipa) was considered a sacred tree. In Poland, the village of Święta Lipka, which literally means "Sacred Lime Tree", has a shrine and is a pilgrimage destination. To this day, the tree is a national emblem of the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Slovenia, and of the Sorbs in Lusatia. Lipa gave name to the native Slavic name for the month of June (Croatian: lipanj) or July (Polish: lipiec; Ukrainian: липень / lypen'). It is also the root for the German city of Leipzig, taken from the Sorbian name lipsk. The former Croatian currency, kuna, consisted of 100 lipa. Lipa was also a proposed name for Slovenian currency in 1990, however the name tolar ultimately prevailed. In the Slavic Orthodox Christian world, limewood was the preferred wood for panel icon painting. The icons by the hand of Andrei Rublev, including the Holy Trinity (Hospitality of Abraham), and The Savior, now in the State Tretyakov Gallery in Moscow, are painted on linden wood. Its wood was chosen for its ability to be sanded very smooth and for its resistance to warping once seasoned. The southern Slovenian village of "Lipica" signifies little Lime tree and has given its name to the Lipizzan horse breed.
Baltic mythology
In Baltic mythology, there is an important goddess of fate by the name of Laima /laɪma/, whose sacred tree is the lime. Laima's dwelling was a lime-tree, where she made her decisions as a cuckoo. For this reason Lithuanian women prayed and gave sacrifices under lime-trees asking for luck and fertility. They treated lime-trees with respect and talked with them as if they were human beings.
Germanic mythology
The linden was also a highly symbolic and hallowed tree to the Germanic peoples in their native pre-Christian Germanic mythology. Originally, local communities assembled not only to celebrate and dance under a linden tree, but to hold their judicial thing meetings there in order to restore justice and peace. It was believed that the tree would help unearth the truth. Thus the tree became associated with jurisprudence even after Christianization, such as in the case of the Gerichtslinde, and verdicts in rural Germany were frequently returned sub tilia (Unter der linden) until the Age of Enlightenment. In the Nibelungenlied, a medieval German work ultimately based on oral tradition recounting events amongst the Germanic tribes in the 5th and 6th centuries, Siegfried gains his invulnerability by bathing in the blood of a dragon. While he did so, a single linden leaf sticks to him, leaving a spot on his body untouched by the blood and he thus has a single point of vulnerability. The most notable street in Berlin, Germany, is called Unter den Linden, named after the trees lining the avenue. It leads from the center of Berlin to Potsdam, the country residence of the Prussian kings. In German folklore, the linden tree is the "tree of lovers". The well-known Middle High German poem Under der linden by Walther von der Vogelweide (c. 1200) describes a tryst between a maid and a knight under a linden tree. Commentary on the folk song "Liebesprobe" states, "The linden tree plays a key role in these songs; at eventide, the lovers caress in its shade, it is their favourite tree, and perhaps for the reason that the linden leaf has the shape of a human heart." Hohenlinden (translated as "High linden") is a community in the upper Bavarian district of Ebersberg in which the Battle of Hohenlinden took place; Thomas Campbell wrote the poem "Hohenlinden" about said battle.
Greek mythology Homer, Horace, Virgil, and Pliny mention the linden tree and its virtues. As Ovid tells the old story of Baucis and Philemon, she was changed into a linden and he into an oak when the time came for them both to die. Herodotus says: "The Scythian diviners take also the leaf of the linden tree, which, dividing into three parts, they twine round their fingers; they then unbind it and exercise the art to which they pretend." Philyra, mother of the centaur Chiron, turned into a linden tree after bearing Chiron.
In northern China For a long time, in northern China, because there is no Bodhi tree, the sacred tree of Buddhism, and the leaf shape of the "椴樹/Tilia" tree is similar to that of Bodhi tree, it was planted in temples to replace the sacred Bodhi tree. They are also often called Bodhi trees, just like the two Tilia trees next to the 英華殿/Yinghua Dian—the place where the empress dowager, empress and concubines worship Buddha—in the Forbidden City in Beijing, planted by Empress Dowager Li, the biological mother of Wanli Emperor about five hundred years ago. Qianlong Emperor of the Qing dynasty even wrote two poems for them: "菩提树诗/The Poem of the Bodhi Tree (in the Yinghua Dian)" and "菩提树歌/The Song of the Bodhi Tree (in the Yinghua Dian)", and carved them on stone tablets and placed them in the stele pavilion in front of the Yinghua Dian.
Scythian mythology Scythian diviners used wood in their rituals, and in particular the Enarei priests used linden bark. The Enarei were androgynous priests for the goddesses Artimpasa and the Snake-headed Goddess. In addition to its ritual use, linden became a symbol of third gender to Scythians living in Russia.
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![Lime tree in culture: C. W. Arldt [de]: Lime tree in Kaditz, c. 1840](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Kaditzer_Linde%2C_1840.jpg/500px-Kaditzer_Linde%2C_1840.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=parser&utm_content=thumbnail)

