science

Lingua sistemfrater

Lingua sistemfrater is a science topic covered in the lgStudy science library. This page brings together a partial reference excerpt, illustrations, worked examples, real-world applications and a short study plan, so you can understand Lingua sistemfrater rather than just read about it. In short: Lingua sistemfrater ("Language of Brotherhood"), also referred to as Frater, is an a posteriori international auxiliary language created by Vietnamese translator Phạm Xuân Thái in 1957 as Frater (Lingua sistemfrater): The simplest International Language Ever Constructed. The language uses a largely Greco-Latin lexicon, and an Asian-influenced grammar.

Key takeaways

Lingua sistemfrater belongs to science; place it in that map before memorising details.
Learn the definition first, then one example that makes the definition concrete.
Connect Lingua sistemfrater to a quantity you can measure, compute or draw — that is where exam questions come from.
Reproduce the core statement of Lingua sistemfrater from memory before moving on to harder problems.

Reference excerpt

Lingua sistemfrater ("Language of Brotherhood"), also referred to as Frater, is an a posteriori international auxiliary language created by Vietnamese translator Phạm Xuân Thái in 1957 as Frater (Lingua sistemfrater): The simplest International Language Ever Constructed. The language uses a largely Greco-Latin lexicon, and an Asian-influenced grammar. Frater was one of the (comparatively rare) international languages created in Asia, and had a vocabulary of more than 6,000 words.

Phonology and orthography Frater used an orthography of eighteen letters from the Latin script: five vowels: a, e, i, o, u, and thirteen consonants: b, d, f, g, j, k, l, m, n, p, r, s, and t. These letters were enunciated as their pronunciations in the International Phonetic Alphabet, with the following exceptions:

⟨j⟩ is pronounced as [z]; The letters ⟨e⟩ and ⟨o⟩ are pronounced as the diphthongs [ei] and [ou], respectively. The stress is placed on the last syllable of the word; there are no silent letters.

Grammar

Article There is no indefinite article or definite article.

Personal Pronouns

Possessives are formed by adding the preposition ot before the pronoun. Unlike English that distinguishes three genders for the third-person singular pronoun, the pronoun was invariable.

Nouns The noun in Frater is invariable. Plurals can be formed by adding -multi (many) to the end of the noun: mensa (table) - mensamulti (tables)

Adjectives The adjective in Frater is invariable and is always placed after the noun; except for cardinal numbers.

Numbers The cardinal numbers in Frater: 1 - uni 2 - bi 3 - tri 4 - kuadri 5 - kuinti 6 - ses 7 - sep 8 - okta 9 - nona 10 - deka 11 - dekauni 12 - dekabi 13 - dekatri 20 - bideka 24 - bidekakuadri 30 - trideka 40 - kuadrideka 85 - oktadekakuinti 100 - senti 367 - trisenti-sesdeka-sep 600 - sessenti 1000 - mil 1000000 - milion Ordinal numbers are formed by placing the cardinal number after the noun.

Verbs The verb in Frater is invariable in person and in number.

The passive voice is formed by adding the auxiliary verb es before the infinitive: Ilis es trauma (they are wounded).

Syntax The syntax in Frater is: Subject - Verb - Object. Questions are formed by placing the verb before the subject. Interrogative words include: antropkia (who), kia (what), plaskia (where), temkia (when), prokia (why), kak (how), and multikia (how much; how many).

Sample text

The Lord's Prayer For comparison the Lord's Prayer is provided in Frater, Glosa (a later auxiliary language with isolating grammar and Greco-Latin vocabulary), Latin and English.

References

Sources Thái, Phạm Xuân (1957). Frater (Lingua sistemfrater). The simplest International Language Ever Constructed. Saigon: TU-HAI.

External links "Frater.com". Official website (English, Esperanto, Interlingua) "Lingua Sistemfrater". Archived from the original on 28 February 2016. {{cite web|url=https://www.scribd.com/document/397567854/Pham-Xuan-Thai-Lingua-Sistemfrater-The-Simplest-International-Language-Even-Constructed |title=Lingua Sistemfrater: The Simplest International Language Ever Constructed }} (SCRIBD)

"Frater Wiki".

Worked examples

Example 1 — a first encounter with Lingua sistemfrater

Start with the simplest possible case. Write down what Lingua sistemfrater claims or describes in one sentence, then invent the smallest concrete situation in which that sentence is true. In science, the smallest case is usually a single object, a single equation or a single measurement. Check that every symbol or term in your sentence has a meaning in that case.

Example 2 — changing one variable

Take the situation from Example 1 and change exactly one quantity: double it, halve it, or set it to zero. Predict what should happen to Lingua sistemfrater before you calculate. Comparing your prediction with the result is the fastest way to find out whether you understand the idea or only the words.

Example 3 — an exam-style question

Typical questions about Lingua sistemfrater ask you to (a) state it precisely, (b) apply it to given data, and (c) explain a limitation. Practise writing all three answers in under five minutes; the third part is what separates a full-mark answer from an average one.

Applications of Lingua sistemfrater

In research: Lingua sistemfrater appears in science research whenever the underlying quantities have to be modelled precisely. Papers usually cite it as a starting assumption and then explore where it breaks down.
In technology and industry: Engineering practice reuses Lingua sistemfrater in design rules, simulations and safety margins. Knowing the idea lets you read a specification sheet and understand why the numbers look the way they do.
In the classroom: Lingua sistemfrater is common in secondary-school and first-year university syllabi. It links to neighbouring topics Constructed language stubs, Constructed languages, Constructed languages introduced in the 1950s, so understanding it makes those chapters shorter.
In everyday life: Look for Lingua sistemfrater outside the textbook — in sport, cooking, traffic, electronics or the sky above you. An example you found yourself is remembered far longer than one you were given.

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How to study Lingua sistemfrater in 20 minutes

Read the reference excerpt below once, without taking notes.
Close the page and write down what Lingua sistemfrater means in your own words.
Compare your version with the excerpt and mark what you missed.
Work through the three examples above with pen and paper.
Explain Lingua sistemfrater out loud to somebody else — or to Teacher Smith in the lgStudy chat.

Frequently asked questions

What is Lingua sistemfrater in simple terms?

Why does Lingua sistemfrater matter?

Because it connects several science ideas at once: it gives you a definition you can apply, a quantity you can calculate, and a way to check whether a result is plausible.

How should I study Lingua sistemfrater?

Read the excerpt, restate it from memory, then work through the examples and applications listed on this page. The five-step study plan above takes about twenty minutes.

What does this page cover?

It gives you a compact reference excerpt plus original lgStudy explanations, examples, applications and study material on Lingua sistemfrater.