engineering

Linoleate diol synthase

Linoleate diol synthase is a engineering topic covered in the lgStudy science library. This page brings together a partial reference excerpt, illustrations, worked examples, real-world applications and a short study plan, so you can understand Linoleate diol synthase rather than just read about it. In short: In enzymology, a linoleate diol synthase (EC 1.13.11.44) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction linoleate + O2 ⇌ {\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons } (9Z,12Z)-(7S,8S)-dihydroxyoctadeca-9,12-dienoate Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are linoleate and O2, whereas its product is (9Z,12Z)-(7S,8S)-dihydroxyoctadeca-9,12-dienoate. This enzyme belongs to the family of oxidoreductases, specifically those ac…

Key takeaways

Linoleate diol synthase belongs to engineering; place it in that map before memorising details.
Learn the definition first, then one example that makes the definition concrete.
Connect Linoleate diol synthase to a quantity you can measure, compute or draw — that is where exam questions come from.
Reproduce the core statement of Linoleate diol synthase from memory before moving on to harder problems.

Reference excerpt

In enzymology, a linoleate diol synthase (EC 1.13.11.44) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

linoleate + O2 ⇌ {\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons } (9Z,12Z)-(7S,8S)-dihydroxyoctadeca-9,12-dienoate Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are linoleate and O2, whereas its product is (9Z,12Z)-(7S,8S)-dihydroxyoctadeca-9,12-dienoate. This enzyme belongs to the family of oxidoreductases, specifically those acting on single donors with O2 as oxidant and incorporation of two atoms of oxygen into the substrate (oxygenases). The oxygen incorporated need not be derived from O2. The systematic name of this enzyme class is linoleate:oxygen 7S,8S-oxidoreductase. This enzyme is also called linoleate (8R)-dioxygenase. This enzyme participates in linoleic acid metabolism.

References

Brodowsky ID, Hamberg M, Oliw EH (1992). "A linoleic acid (8R)-dioxygenase and hydroperoxide isomerase of the fungus Gaeumannomyces graminis. Biosynthesis of (8R)-hydroxylinoleic acid and (7S,8S)-dihydroxylinoleic acid from (8R)-hydroperoxylinoleic acid". J. Biol. Chem. 267 (21): 14738–45. doi:10.1016/S0021-9258(18)42102-3. PMID 1634517. Hamberg M, Zhang LY, Brodowsky ID, Oliw EH (1994). "Sequential oxygenation of linoleic acid in the fungus Gaeumannomyces graminis: stereochemistry of dioxygenase and hydroperoxide isomerase reactions". Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 309 (1): 77–80. doi:10.1006/abbi.1994.1087. PMID 8117115. Hörnsten, L; Su, C; Osbourn, AE; Garosi, P; Hellman, U; Wernstedt, C; Oliw, EH (1999). "Cloning of linoleate diol synthase reveals homology with prostaglandin H synthases". J. Biol. Chem. 274 (40): 28219–24. doi:10.1074/jbc.274.40.28219. PMID 10497176. Oliw EH, Su C, Skogstrom T, Benthin G (1998). "Analysis of novel hydroperoxides and other metabolites of oleic, linoleic, and linolenic acids by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry with ion trap MSn". Lipids. 33 (9): 843–52. doi:10.1007/s11745-998-0280-0. PMID 9778131. Su C, Oliw EH (1996). "Purification and characterization of linoleate 8-dioxygenase from the fungus Gaeumannomyces graminis as a novel hemoprotein". J. Biol. Chem. 271 (24): 14112–8. doi:10.1074/jbc.271.24.14112. PMID 8662736. Su C, Sahlin M, Oliw EH (1998). "A protein radical and ferryl intermediates are generated by linoleate diol synthase, a ferric hemeprotein with dioxygenase and hydroperoxide isomerase activities". J. Biol. Chem. 273 (33): 20744–51. doi:10.1074/jbc.273.33.20744. PMID 9694817.

Worked examples

Example 1 — a first encounter with Linoleate diol synthase

Start with the simplest possible case. Write down what Linoleate diol synthase claims or describes in one sentence, then invent the smallest concrete situation in which that sentence is true. In engineering, the smallest case is usually a single object, a single equation or a single measurement. Check that every symbol or term in your sentence has a meaning in that case.

Example 2 — changing one variable

Take the situation from Example 1 and change exactly one quantity: double it, halve it, or set it to zero. Predict what should happen to Linoleate diol synthase before you calculate. Comparing your prediction with the result is the fastest way to find out whether you understand the idea or only the words.

Example 3 — an exam-style question

Typical questions about Linoleate diol synthase ask you to (a) state it precisely, (b) apply it to given data, and (c) explain a limitation. Practise writing all three answers in under five minutes; the third part is what separates a full-mark answer from an average one.

Applications of Linoleate diol synthase

In research: Linoleate diol synthase appears in engineering research whenever the underlying quantities have to be modelled precisely. Papers usually cite it as a starting assumption and then explore where it breaks down.
In technology and industry: Engineering practice reuses Linoleate diol synthase in design rules, simulations and safety margins. Knowing the idea lets you read a specification sheet and understand why the numbers look the way they do.
In the classroom: Linoleate diol synthase is common in secondary-school and first-year university syllabi. It links to neighbouring topics EC 1.13.11, Enzymes of unknown structure, Oxidoreductase stubs, so understanding it makes those chapters shorter.
In everyday life: Look for Linoleate diol synthase outside the textbook — in sport, cooking, traffic, electronics or the sky above you. An example you found yourself is remembered far longer than one you were given.

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How to study Linoleate diol synthase in 20 minutes

Read the reference excerpt below once, without taking notes.
Close the page and write down what Linoleate diol synthase means in your own words.
Compare your version with the excerpt and mark what you missed.
Work through the three examples above with pen and paper.
Explain Linoleate diol synthase out loud to somebody else — or to Teacher Smith in the lgStudy chat.

Frequently asked questions

What is Linoleate diol synthase in simple terms?

In enzymology, a linoleate diol synthase (EC 1.13.11.44) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction linoleate + O2 ⇌ {\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons } (9Z,12Z)-(7S,8S)-dihydroxyoctadeca-9,12-dienoate Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are linoleate and O2, whereas its product is (9Z,1…

Why does Linoleate diol synthase matter?

Because it connects several engineering ideas at once: it gives you a definition you can apply, a quantity you can calculate, and a way to check whether a result is plausible.

How should I study Linoleate diol synthase?

Read the excerpt, restate it from memory, then work through the examples and applications listed on this page. The five-step study plan above takes about twenty minutes.

What does this page cover?

It gives you a compact reference excerpt plus original lgStudy explanations, examples, applications and study material on Linoleate diol synthase.